Effectiveness of Comprehensive Health Education Combining Hot Spa Bathing and Lifestyle Education in Middle-Aged and Elderly Women: Randomized controlled trial of three- and six-month interventions
- Author:
Hiroharu KAMIOKA
;
Yosikazu NAKAMURA
;
Toshiki YAZAKI
;
Kazuo UEBABA
;
Yoshiteru MUTOH
;
Shinpei OKADA
;
Mie TAKAHASHI
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
hot spa;
lifestyle education and exercise;
middle-aged and elderly women;
randomized controlled trial
- From:The Journal of The Japanese Society of Balneology, Climatology and Physical Medicine
2004;67(4):202-214
- CountryJapan
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
This study attempted to clarify the effects of 3- and 6-month comprehensive health education programs based on hot spa bathing, lifestyle education and physical exercise on physique, psychological vigor, blood properties, pains in the knee and back, and mental and psychological aspects of women. We examined middle-aged and elderly women who were randomly divided into two groups and followed up until six months and one year later, respectively.
Spa programmers, an exercise instructor, and a dietician instructed subjects to one hour of life-style education and physical exercise (lecture on behavior modification, walking, rhythmic exercise, cooking practice, etc.) and one hour (including time for changing clothes and washing body) of a half bath (salt spring, temperature at 41.5) once a week. The program for the 3-month group (n=19) was repeated in the 6-month group (n=14).
The evaluation items were BMI, PWC75%HRmax (by a bicycle ergometer as aerobic capacity), blood properties (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, arteriolosclerotic index, uric acid, and HbAlc), profile of mood states, self-rating depression scale, subjective happiness, and pains in the knee and back.
Compared with pre-intervention data (26.3±3.6), the BMI decreased significantly (p<0.05) immediately after the intervention (25.7±3.5) and at the follow up six months later (25.7±3.3) in the group of 6-month intervention. In addition, the PWC75%HRmax, HbAlc, pains in the back, vigor, depression, and subjective happiness remained significantly improved (p<0.05), as measured at the 6-month follow-up. On the other hand, some of the items improved in the 3-month intervention group immediately after the intervention, but returned to nearly the same levels as those before intervention at the 1-year follow-up. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found in the PWC75%HRmax, HbAlc, and fatigue between the two groups, all of which were improved in the 6-month intervention group.
These results suggest that a low frequency, once-a-week intervention requires duration longer than three months to maintain the effects, and that the effects should be monitored over years for a correct assessment.
