Stem cell-derived exosomes: roles in stromal remodeling, tumor progression, and cancer immunotherapy.
10.1186/s40880-015-0051-5
- Author:
Farah FATIMA
1
;
Muhammad NAWAZ
2
Author Information
1. Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. farah@usp.br.
2. Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. nawaz@usp.br.
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- MeSH:
Apoptosis;
Cell Communication;
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic;
Disease Progression;
Exosomes;
physiology;
Humans;
Immunotherapy;
methods;
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells;
physiology;
Neoplasms;
blood supply;
pathology;
therapy;
Neoplastic Stem Cells;
ultrastructure;
Neovascularization, Pathologic;
pathology;
Organelle Biogenesis;
Tumor Microenvironment
- From:Chinese Journal of Cancer
2015;34(12):541-553
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Stem cells are known to maintain stemness at least in part through secreted factors that promote stem-like phenotypes in resident cells. Accumulating evidence has clarified that stem cells release nano-vesicles, known as exosomes, which may serve as mediators of cell-to-cell communication and may potentially transmit stem cell phenotypes to recipient cells, facilitating stem cell maintenance, differentiation, self-renewal, and repair. It has become apparent that stem cell-derived exosomes mediate interactions among stromal elements, promote genetic instability in recipient cells, and induce malignant transformation. This review will therefore discuss the potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in the context of stromal remodeling and their ability to generate cancer-initiating cells in a tumor niche by inducing morphologic and functional differentiation of fibroblasts into tumor-initiating fibroblasts. In addition, the immunosuppressive potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in cancer immunotherapy and their prospective applications in cell-free therapies in future translational medicine is discussed.
