Tributyltin (TBT) increases TNFα mRNA expression and induces apoptosis in the murine macrophage cell line in vitro.
- Author:
Ken NAKANO
1
;
Masashi TSUNODA
;
Nobuhiro KONNO
Author Information
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords: apoptosis; immunotoxicity; macrophage; tributyltin
- From:Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 2004;9(6):266-271
- CountryJapan
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
OBJECTIVETributyltin (TBT) compounds have been widely used as antifouling agents for shipbottom paint. The immune system is a target of TBT intoxication. We evaluated the effects of TBT chloride in macrophages, which have critical roles in the immune system, using a murine macrophage lineage cell line, J774.1,in vitro.
METHODSWe examined tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) andc-jun mRNA expression in J774.1 cells. The effects of TBT on the apoptosis of J774.1 cells were examined by determining the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells and caspase-3 activity.
RESULTSThe mean values of the viabilities of J774.1 cells exposed to TBT decreased dose-dependently. The relative mRNA expression of TNFα increased dose-dependently, however, that of IL-1β was not significantly different among the groups. The mean percentage of TUNEL-positive cells increased dose-dependently. Increases in the caspase-3 activities of J774.1 cells were observed in the groups exposed to higher concentrations of TBT. The mean value of relative mRNA expression of c-Jun transcription factor increased dose-dependently.
CONCLUSIONSThe increases in the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells and in caspase-3 activity suggested that exposure to TBT induces apoptosis of J774.1 cells. The increases in the mRNA expression of TNFα andc-jun by TBT may be related to apoptosis in macrophages.