OBJECTIVECongenital arteriovenous malformations(AVM) are considered to be the most difficult and challenging problems in the treatment of hemangiomas and vascular lesions. This study focused on the natural history, the clinical classification, the choice and effectiveness of various treatments.

METHODSThis retrospective review included 83 patients with extracranial arteriovenous malformations, who were referred to our department over the past 6 years. The anatomic patterns, clinical staging, respective treatments, influential factors of endovascular treatment, causes of recurrence were analyzed.

RESULTSAccording to clinical manifestations, arteriovenous malformations were categorized as three clinical stages: the quiescence, the expansion and the decompensation stages. Most AVMS in the quiescence stage only require endovascular treatment while those in the decompensation stage require surgical resection. Angiography was performed not only for diagnosis of AVM but also as an initial therapeutic step in the form of embolization, which might be the only means to some AVM without surgical possibility or necessity.

CONCLUSIONThe new concept of staging and management is expected to be helpful for diagnosis and treatments of AVM.