OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical features and imaging findings of intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL).

METHODThe clinical features and imaging findings of 9 patients with pathologically confirmed IVL were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSOut of these 9 patients, there were 5 first-episode patients and 4 recurrent patients. Five patients had a history of uterine leiomyoma.Inferior vena cava (IVC) were involved in all 9 patients. The tumor extended through IVC into right heart chamber in 7 patients, among whom tumor were initially arisen from pelvic vessels in 6 patients. The first-episode symptoms included chest tightness and shortness of breath (n=4), edema of low extremity (n=2), abdominal distention (n=2), and menorrhagia (n=1). Tumors in pelvis/venous system and right heart cavity appeared as hypoechoic mass under ultrasound examinations, and hypodense mass with mottled enhancement were observed on contrasted CT. Tumors appeared to be isointense to muscles on T1-weighted images and slightly hyperintense on T2-weighted images.

CONCLUSIONSIVL has certain clinical history and lesion locations. Combined imaging examinations are helpful in the early diagnosis, surgery planning, and follow-up of IVL.