Dependence Potential of the Synthetic Cannabinoids JWH-073, JWH-081, and JWH-210: In Vivo and In Vitro Approaches.
- Author:
Hye Jin CHA
1
;
Kwang Wook LEE
;
Min Ji SONG
;
Yang Jin HYEON
;
Ji Young HWANG
;
Choon Gon JANG
;
Joon Ik AHN
;
Seol Hee JEON
;
Hyun Uk KIM
;
Young Hoon KIM
;
Won Keun SEONG
;
Hoil KANG
;
Han Sang YOO
;
Ho Sang JEONG
Author Information
1. Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 363-700, Republic of Korea. hosa33@korea.kr
- Publication Type:In Vitro ; Original Article
- Keywords:
Synthetic cannabinoid;
Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta9-THC);
Psychological dependence;
CB1 receptor;
Binding affinity
- MeSH:
Animals;
Appointments and Schedules;
Cannabinoids*;
Controlled Substances;
Jurisprudence;
Korea;
Mass Screening;
Membranes;
Mice;
Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1;
Rodentia;
Social Problems
- From:Biomolecules & Therapeutics
2014;22(4):363-369
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Synthetic cannabinoids (CBs) such as the JWH series have caused social problems concerning their abuse liability. Because the JWH series produces euphoric and hallucinogenic effects, they have been distributed illegally under street names such as "Spice" and "Smoke". Many countries including Korea have started to schedule some of the JWH series compounds as controlled substances, but there are a number of JWH series chemicals that remain uncontrolled by law. In this study, three synthetic CBs with different binding affinities to the CB1 receptor (JWH-073, 081, and 210) and Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta9-THC) were evaluated for their potential for psychological dependence. The conditioned place preference test (unbiased method) and self-administration test (fixed ratio of 1) using rodents were conducted. Ki values of the three synthetic cannabinoids were calculated as supplementary data using a receptor binding assay and overexpressed CB1 protein membranes to compare dependence potential with CB1 receptor binding affinity. All mice administered JWH-073, 081, or 210 showed significantly increased time spent at unpreferred space in a dose-dependence manner in the conditioned place preference test. In contrast, all tested substances except Delta9-THC showed aversion phenomenon at high doses in the conditioned place preference test. The order of affinity to the CB1 receptor in the receptor binding assay was JWH-210 > JWH-081 >> JWH-073, which was in agreement with the results from the conditioned place preference test. However, no change in self-administration was observed. These findings suggest the possibility to predict dependence potential of synthetic CBs through a receptor binding assay at the screening level.
