An evaluation of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of melamine in combination with cyanuric acid at three mass ratios.

Xin Liu; Da Wei Huang; Ke Jia WU; Yong Ning WU; Xi Wu Jia; Zhi Yong Gong

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An evaluation of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of melamine in combination with cyanuric acid at three mass ratios.

Author: Xin LIU ^{1
,

2} ; Da Wei HUANG ³ ; Ke Jia WU ³ ; Yong Ning WU ⁴ ; Xi Wu JIA ³ ; Zhi Yong GONG ¹ ;
Author Information

1. Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
2. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Processing of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China.
3. Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China.
4. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Processing of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
Publication Type:Letter
MeSH: Cell Survival; drug effects; HEK293 Cells; Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; Humans; Membrane Glycoproteins; metabolism; Receptors, Virus; metabolism; Triazines; pharmacology
From: Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2014;27(8):641-645
CountryChina
Language:English
Abstract: Melamine in combination with cyanuric acid has been considered to be more toxic than either melamine or cyanuric acid alone. The objective of this study was designed to evaluate the combined genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of melamine (M) and cyanuric acid (C) at three mass ratios (1:1, 1:2, 2:1). MC (1:1), MC (1:2), and MC (2:1) were evaluated for their potential genotoxic risk, at gene level by Ames test, and at chromosomal level by micronucleus test. In order to evaluate cytotoxicity in HEK-293 cells, the MTT assay was included. Western blot was also employed to investigate the renal injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) expression in HEK-293 cells exposed to MC. Neither genotoxicity at gene level nor at chromosomal level was observed for MC (1:1), MC (1:2), and MC (2:1). Based on MTT assay, three ratios of MC at 82.5 and 165 µg/mL slightly inhibited viability of HEK-293 cells (P<0.05). MC (1:1) at 41.25 and 82.50 µg/mL could elevate the Kim-1 expression in HEK-293 cells.