Inaccuracy of Self-reported Low Sodium Diet among Chinese: Findings from Baseline Survey for Shandong & Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension (SMASH) Project.

Juan Zhang; Xiao Lei Guo; Dong Chul Seo; Ai Qiang XU; Peng Cheng Xun; Ji Xiang MA; Xiao Ming Shi; Nicole LI; Liu Xia Yan; Yuan LI; Zi Long LU; Ji Yu Zhang; Jun Li Tang; Jie Ren; Wen Hua Zhao; Xiao Feng Liang

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Inaccuracy of Self-reported Low Sodium Diet among Chinese: Findings from Baseline Survey for Shandong & Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension (SMASH) Project.

Author: Juan ZHANG ¹ ; Xiao Lei GUO ² ; Dong Chul SEO ³ ; Ai Qiang XU ² ; Peng Cheng XUN ⁴ ; Ji Xiang MA ⁵ ; Xiao Ming SHI ¹ ; Nicole LI ⁶ ; Liu Xia YAN ⁵ ; Yuan LI ¹ ; Zi Long LU ² ; Ji Yu ZHANG ² ; Jun Li TANG ² ; Jie REN ⁷ ; Wen Hua ZHAO ⁸ ; Xiao Feng LIANG ⁹
Author Information

1. Division of Non-communicable Disease Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
2. Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
3. Ewha Womans University, Seoul 999007, Korea.
4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomignton, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
5. National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
6. The George Institute for Global Heath, Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia
7. Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
8. National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
9. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Publication Type:Journal Article
MeSH: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asian Continental Ancestry Group; Awareness; China; epidemiology; Diet Records; Diet Surveys; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Hypertension; epidemiology; prevention & control; Male; Rural Population; Sodium; urine; Sodium Chloride; adverse effects; Sodium, Dietary; administration & dosage; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
From: Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2015;28(2):161-167
CountryChina
Language:English
Abstract: This study was aimed to evaluate the agreement between the self-reported sodium intake level and 24-h urine sodium excretion level in Chinese. The 24-h urine collection was conducted among 2112 adults aged 18-69 years randomly selected in Shandong Province, China. The subjects were asked whether their sodium intake was low, moderate, or high. The weighted kappa statistics was calculated to assess the agreement between 24-h urine sodium excretion level and self-reported sodium intake level. One third of the subjects reported low sodium intake level. About 70% of the subjects had mean 24-h sodium excretion>9 g/d, but reported low or moderate sodium intake. The agreement between self-reported sodium intake level and 24-h urine sodium excretion level was low in both normotensive subjects and hypertensive subjects. These findings suggested that many subjects who reported low sodium intake had actual urine sodium excretion>9 g/d. Sodium intake is often underestimated in both hypertensive and normotensive participants in China.