Vaccines against periodontitis: a forward-looking review.
10.5051/jpis.2010.40.4.153
- Author:
Jeom Il CHOI
1
;
Gregory J SEYMOUR
Author Information
1. Department of Periodontology, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea. jrapa@pusan.ac.kr
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
Immunization;
Periodontitis;
Vaccines
- MeSH:
Adult;
Alveolar Bone Loss;
Atherosclerosis;
Bacteria;
Biofilms;
Colon;
Humans;
Immunization;
Immunoglobulins;
Periodontal Diseases;
Periodontitis;
Phenotype;
T-Lymphocytes;
T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer;
Tooth Loss;
Vaccines
- From:Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science
2010;40(4):153-163
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Periodontal disease, as a polymicrobial disease, is globally endemic as well as being a global epidemic. It is the leading cause for tooth loss in the adult population and has been positively related to life-threatening systemic diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes. As a result, it is clear that more sophisticated therapeutic modalities need to be developed, which may include vaccines. Up to now, however, no periodontal vaccine trial has been successful in satisfying all the requirements; to prevent the colonization of a multiple pathogenic biofilm in the subgingival area, to elicit a high level of effector molecules such as immunoglobulin sufficient to opsonize and phagocytose the invading organisms, to suppress the induced alveolar bone loss, or to stimulate helper T-cell polarization that exerts cytokine functions optimal for protection against bacteria and tissue destruction. This article reviews all the vaccine trials so as to construct a more sophisticated strategy which may be relevant in the future. As an innovative strategy to circumvent these barriers, vaccine trials to stimulate antigen-specific T-cells polarized toward helper T-cells with a regulatory phenotype (Tregs, CD4+, CD25+, FoxP3+) have also been introduced. Targeting not only a single pathogen, but polymicrobial organisms, and targeting not only periodontal disease, but also periodontal disease-triggered systemic disease could be a feasible goal.
