Effects of Next-Generation Low-Energy Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Erectile Dysfunction in an Animal Model of Diabetes.
- Author:
Hyun Cheol JEONG
1
;
Seung Hwan JEON
;
Zhu Guan QUN
;
Kang Sup KIM
;
Sae Woong CHOI
;
Fahad BASHRAHEEL
;
Woong Jin BAE
;
Su Jin KIM
;
Hyuk Jin CHO
;
U Syn HA
;
Sung Hoo HONG
;
Ji Youl LEE
;
Du Geon MOON
;
Sae Woong KIM
Author Information
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords: Animals; Diabetes mellitus; Erectile dysfunction; Vascular endothelial growth factor
- MeSH: Animals*; Antigens, CD31; Atrophy; Blotting, Western; Diabetes Mellitus; Endothelial Cells; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Erectile Dysfunction*; Genetic Therapy; Guanosine Monophosphate; Immunohistochemistry; Magnets; Male; Models, Animal*; Muscle, Smooth; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Rats; Regeneration; Stem Cells; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- From:The World Journal of Men's Health 2017;35(3):186-195
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
- Abstract: PURPOSE: Gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and low-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) have been investigated as treatments for refractory erectile dysfunction (ED), but inconclusive evidence has been obtained. We investigated the effect of a next-generation electromagnetic cylinder ESWT device on an animal model of ED. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced rats were divided into 3 groups: group 1, control; group 2, DM; and group 3, DM+ESWT. Rats were treated with ESWT 3 times a week for 2 weeks. After the treatment course, intracavernous pressure was measured and the corpus cavernosum and cavernous nerve were evaluated. RESULTS: In the DM group, all parameters predicted to be significantly lower in the ED model had statistically significantly decreased (p < 0.01). As a measurement of erectile function, intracavernous pressure was evaluated. The DM+ESWT group exhibited significantly restored erectile function compared to the DM group (p < 0.05). Moreover, ESWT treatment restored smooth muscle content, as assessed by Masson's trichrome staining (p < 0.05). Finally, corporal tissue and the dorsal nerve were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and ELISA. After ESWT treatment, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression levels were restored to levels in the DM group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Electromagnetic cylinder ESWT device resulted in increased VEGF, nNOS, and eNOS expression; reduced smooth muscle atrophy; and increased endothelial cell regeneration in a DM-associated ED model. Our data suggest that safe and effective application could be possible in future clinical studies.
