4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, One of Constituents from Gastrodiae Rhizoma Augments Pentobarbital-induced Sleeping Behaviors and Non-rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep in Rodents.
- Author:
Jae Joon CHOI
1
;
Young Shik KIM
;
Yeong Ok KWON
;
Jae Hyeon YOO
;
Myong Soo CHONG
;
Mi Kyeong LEE
;
Jin Tae HONG
;
Ki Wan OH
Author Information
1. College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea. kiwan@chungbuk.ac.kr
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HBD);
Pentobarbital;
Intracellular chloride;
Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD);
GABA(A) receptors subunits;
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
- MeSH:
Animals;
Ethanol;
Eye Movements*;
Gastrodia*;
Glutamate Decarboxylase;
Hand;
Mice;
Motor Activity;
Muscimol;
Pentobarbital;
Rats;
Receptors, GABA-A;
Rodentia*
- From:Natural Product Sciences
2015;21(3):219-225
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
In the previous experiments, we reported that ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, the dried tuber of Gastrodia ElataBlume (Orchidaceae) increased pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors. These experiments were undertaken to know whether 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HBD), is one of the major compounds of Gastrodiae Rhizoma increases pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors and changes sleep architectures via activating GABA(A)-ergic systems in rodents. 4-HBD decreased locomotor activity in mice. 4-HBD increased total sleep time, and decreased of sleep onset by pentobarbital (28 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). 4-HBD showed synergistic effects with muscimol (a GABA(A) receptor agonist), shortening sleep onset and enhancing sleep time on pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors. On the other hand, 4-HBD (200 mg/kg, p.o.) itself significantly inhibited the counts of sleep-wake cycles, and prolonged total sleep time and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) in rats. Moreover, 4-HBD increased intracellular Cl- levels in the primary cultured cerebellar cells. The protein levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA(A) receptors subunits were over-expressed by 4-HBD. Consequently, these results demonstrate that 4-HBD increased NREM sleep as well as sleeping behaviors via the activation of GABA(A)-ergic systems in rodents.
