Prescribing Patterns of Codeine among Children under Aged 12 in Korea.
- Author:
Hyo Ju PARK
1
;
Han Na SHIN
;
Ju Young SHIN
Author Information
1. Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management, Seoul 03127, South Korea.
- Publication Type:Retracted Publication ; Original Article
- Keywords:
codeine;
children;
primary care;
physician specialty;
drug utilization review
- MeSH:
Bronchopneumonia;
Child*;
Codeine*;
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6;
Diagnosis;
Drug Utilization Review;
Humans;
Inappropriate Prescribing;
Inpatients;
Insurance, Health;
Korea*;
Outpatients;
Prescriptions;
Primary Health Care;
Respiratory Insufficiency;
Rhinitis, Vasomotor
- From:Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
2015;25(4):273-279
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:Korean
-
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: Codeine may result in death or respiratory depression in children, particularly who are rapid metabolizer of CYP2D6, therefore it should be used cautiously among children under 12 years of age. This study was to investigate the prescribing pattern of codeine among children according to the age group, prescribed diagnosis, type of medical service and medical specialties. METHOD: We used Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS) database. Study subjects included inpatients or outpatients, who were prescribed codeine between January, 1, 2011 and December, 31, 2011. Contraindicated use of codeine was defined as the use of codeine at least one times under aged 12. Age groups were sub-classified according to the <2 years, 2-4 years, 5-8 years, and 9-11 years. Frequently prescribed diagnosis (ICD-10), type of medical service, and medical specialties were also described among codeine users under aged 12. RESULTS: Codeine users were 6,411 inpatients (9,958 prescriptions), and 3,397 outpatients (6,258 prescriptions), respectively. Codeine prescription under 12 years of age were 2.1% (210 prescriptions) among inpatients, and 12.3% (776 prescriptions) among outpatients (p-value<0.05). Outpatient prescriptions of codeine under 12 aged were issued mostly from primary care clinics and frequent diagnosis were unspecified bronchopneumonia (51.6%), and vasomotor rhinitis (23.7%). CONCLUSION: This study found prescribing of codeine under 12 aged is common in outpatient and primary clinics. Nationwide and community-based efforts should be needed to reduce inappropriate prescribing among children.
