Distally Based Sural Artery Adipofascial Flap based on a Single Sural Nerve Branch: Anatomy and Clinical Applications.
10.5999/aps.2014.41.6.709
- Author:
Wan Loong James MOK
1
;
Yong Chen POR
;
Bien Keem TAN
Author Information
1. Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
Surgical flaps;
Perforator flap;
Sural nerve;
Hypesthesia;
Soft tissue injuries
- MeSH:
Ankle;
Arteries*;
Cadaver;
Extremities;
Fascia;
Foot;
Humans;
Hypesthesia;
Leg;
Lower Extremity;
Perforator Flap;
Range of Motion, Articular;
Saphenous Vein;
Sensation;
Soft Tissue Injuries;
Sural Nerve*;
Surgical Flaps;
Tissue Donors
- From:Archives of Plastic Surgery
2014;41(6):709-715
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: The distally based sural artery flap is a reliable, local reconstructive option for small soft tissue defects of the distal third of the leg. The purpose of this study is to describe an adipofascial flap based on a single sural nerve branch without sacrificing the entire sural nerve, thereby preserving sensibility of the lateral foot. METHODS: The posterior aspect of the lower limb was dissected in 15 cadaveric limbs. Four patients with soft tissue defects over the tendo-achilles and ankle underwent reconstruction using the adipofascial flap, which incorporated the distal peroneal perforator, short saphenous vein, and a single branch of the sural nerve. RESULTS: From the anatomical study, the distal peroneal perforator was situated at an average of 6.2 cm (2.5-12 cm) from the distal tip of the lateral malleolus. The medial and lateral sural nerve branches ran subfascially and pierced the muscle fascia 16 cm (14-19 cm) proximal to the lateral malleolus to enter the subcutaneous plane. They merged 1-2 cm distal to the subcutaneous entry point to form the common sural nerve at a mean distance of 14.5 cm (11.5-18 cm) proximal to the lateral malleolus. This merging point determined the pivot point of the flap. In the clinical cases, all patients reported near complete recovery of sensation over the lateral foot six months after surgery. All donor sites healed well with a full range of motion over the foot and ankle. CONCLUSIONS: The distally based sural artery adipofascial flap allowed for minimal sensory loss, a good range of motion, an aesthetically acceptable outcome and can be performed by a single surgeon in under 2 hours.
