Comparative Analysis Between Thoracic Spinal Cord and Sacral Neuromodulation in a Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model: A Preliminary Report of a Rat Spinal Cord Stimulation Model.
10.14245/kjs.2013.10.1.14
- Author:
Seung Jae HYUN
1
;
Chang Hyun LEE
;
Ji Woong KWON
;
Cheol Yong YOON
;
Jae Young LIM
;
Ki Jeong KIM
;
Tae Ahn JAHNG
;
Hyun Jib KIM
Author Information
1. Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea. neurospine@snubh.org
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
Electrical stimulation;
Spinal cord injury;
Neuroprotection;
Neuromodulation
- MeSH:
Animals;
Contracts;
Electric Stimulation;
Epidural Space;
Female;
Humans;
Muscles;
Muscular Atrophy;
Neuroprotective Agents;
Rats;
Rats, Sprague-Dawley;
Salicylamides;
Spinal Cord;
Spinal Cord Injuries;
Spinal Cord Stimulation;
Tromethamine;
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic;
Urinary Retention;
Urodynamics;
Weights and Measures
- From:Korean Journal of Spine
2013;10(1):14-18
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare a neuroprotective effect of thoracic cord neuromodulation to that of sacral nerve neuromodulation in rat thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) model. METHODS: Twenty female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the normal control group (n=5), SCI with sham stimulation group (SCI, n=5), SCI with electrical stimulation at thoracic spinal cord (SCI + TES, n=5), and SCI with electrical stimulation at sacral nerve (SCI + SES, n=5). Spinal cord was injured by an impactor which dropped from 25mm height. Electrical stimulation was performed by the following protocol: pulse duration, 0.1ms; frequency, 20 Hz; stimulation time, 30 minutes; and stimulation duration at thoracic epidural space and S2 or 3 neural foramina for 4 weeks. Locomotor function, urodynamic study, muscle weights, and fiber cross sectional area (CSA) were investigated. RESULTS: All rats of the SCI + TES group expired within 3 days after the injury. The locomotor function of all survived rats improved over time but there was no significant difference between the SCI and the SCI + SES group. All rats experienced urinary retention after the injury and recovered self-voiding after 3-9 days. Voiding contraction interval was 25.5+/-7.5 minutes in the SCI group, 16.5+/-5.3 minutes in the SCI+SES group, and 12.5+/-4.2 minutes in the control group. The recovery of voiding contraction interval was significant in the SCI + SES group comparing to the SCI group (p<0.05). Muscle weight and CSA were slightly greater in the SCI + SES than in the SCI group, but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: We failed to establish a rat spinal cord stimulation model. However, sacral neuromodulation have a therapeutic potential to improve neurogenic bladder and muscle atrophy.
