Systems Biological Approaches Reveal Non-additive Responses and Multiple Crosstalk Mechanisms between TLR and GPCR Signaling.
- Author:
Jayalakshmi KRISHNAN
1
;
Sangdun CHOI
Author Information
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords: gene expression; G-protein coupled receptors; immune responses; innate immunity; macrophages; Toll-like receptors
- MeSH: Arm; Gene Expression; GTP-Binding Proteins; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins; Immunity, Innate; Interferon-beta; Ligands; Macrophages; Phosphotransferases; Sugar Acids; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Toll-Like Receptors; Transcriptome; Transducers
- From:Genomics & Informatics 2012;10(3):153-166
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
- Abstract: A variety of ligands differ in their capacity to bind the receptor, elicit gene expression, and modulate physiological responses. Such receptors include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize various patterns of pathogens and lead to primary innate immune activation against invaders, and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), whose interaction with their cognate ligands activates heterotrimeric G proteins and regulates specific downstream effectors, including immuno-stimulating molecules. Once TLRs are activated, they lead to the expression of hundreds of genes together and bridge the arm of innate and adaptive immune responses. We characterized the gene expression profile of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in RAW 264.7 cells when it bound with its ligand, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO), the active part of lipopolysaccharide. In addition, to determine the network communications among the TLR, Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), and GPCR, we tested RAW 264.7 cells with KDO, interferon-beta, or cAMP analog 8-Br. The ligands were also administered as a pair of double and triple combinations.
