Chrysophanic Acid Induces Necrosis but not Necroptosis in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Caki-2 Cells.
10.15430/JCP.2016.21.2.81
- Author:
Joon Seok CHOI
1
Author Information
1. College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea. joonschoi@cu.ac.kr
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
Chrysophanic acid;
Human renal cell carcinoma;
Reactive oxygen species;
Necrosis;
Necroptosis
- MeSH:
Apoptosis;
Carcinoma, Renal Cell*;
Cell Death;
Cell Survival;
Cysteine;
Flow Cytometry;
Humans*;
Immunoblotting;
Learning;
Memory;
Necrosis*;
Phosphorylation;
Reactive Oxygen Species;
Superoxide Dismutase
- From:Journal of Cancer Prevention
2016;21(2):81-87
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Chrysophanic acid, also known as chrysophanol, has a number of biological activities. It enhances memory and learning abilities, raises superoxide dismutase activity, and has anti-cancer effects in several model systems. According to previous reports, chrysophanic acid-induced cell death shares features of necrotic cell death. However, the molecular and cellular processes underlying chrysophanic acid-induced cell death remain poorly understood. METHODS: Chrysophanic acid-induced cell death was monitored by cell viability assay and Annexin V-propidium iodide (PI) staining of renal cell carcinoma Caki-2 cells. The induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by chrysophanic acid and the suppression of ROS by anti-oxidants were evaluated by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining. The expression and phosphorylation of proteins that are involved in apoptosis and necroptosis were detected by immunoblotting. RESULTS: The extent of chrysophanic acid-induced cell death was concentration and time dependent, and dead cells mainly appeared in the PI-positive population, which is a major feature of necrosis, upon fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Chrysophanic acid-induced cell death was associated with the generation of intracellular ROS, and this effect was reversed by pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine. Chrysophanic acid-induced cell death was not associated with changes in apoptotic or necroptotic marker proteins. CONCLUSIONS: The cell death induced by chrysophanic acid resembled neither apoptotic nor necroptotic cell death in human renal cell carcinoma Caki-2 cells.
