Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing of hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone reconstruction in jawbone atrophy: a systematic review and case report.
10.1186/s40902-015-0048-7
- Author:
Umberto GARAGIOLA
1
;
Roberto GRIGOLATO
;
Rossano SOLDO
;
Marco BACCHINI
;
Gianluca BASSI
;
Rachele RONCUCCI
;
Sandro DE NARDI
Author Information
1. Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences Department, Maxillo-Facial and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione Ca Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. umberto.garagiola@unimi.it
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing;
Hydroxyapatite;
Scaffold;
Review
- MeSH:
Atrophy*;
Biocompatible Materials;
Durapatite*;
Humans;
In Vitro Techniques;
Methods;
National Library of Medicine (U.S.);
Porosity;
Transplants
- From:Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
2016;38(1):2-
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: We reviewed the biological and mechanical properties of porous hydroxyapatite (HA) compared to other synthetic materials. Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) was also evaluated to estimate its efficacy with clinical and radiological assessments. METHOD: A systematic search of the electronic literature database of the National Library of Medicine (PubMed-MEDLINE) was performed for articles published in English between January 1985 and September 2013. The inclusion criteria were (1) histological evaluation of the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of porous HA in vivo and in vitro, (2) evaluation of the mechanical properties of HA in relation to its porosity, (3) comparison of the biological and mechanical properties between several biomaterials, and (4) clinical and radiological evaluation of the precision of CAD/CAM techniques. RESULTS: HA had excellent osteoconductivity and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo compared to other biomaterials. HA grafts are suitable for milling and finishing, depending on the design. In computed tomography, porous HA is a more resorbable and more osteoconductive material than dense HA; however, its strength decreases exponentially with an increase in porosity. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical tests showed that HA scaffolds with pore diameters ranging from 400 to 1200 mum had compressive moduli and strength within the range of the human craniofacial trabecular bone. In conclusion, using CAD/CAM techniques for preparing HA scaffolds may increase graft stability and reduce surgical operating time.
