Prevention of pain with the injection of microemulsion propofol: a comparison of a combination of lidocaine and ketamine with lidocaine or ketamine alone.
10.4097/kjae.2010.59.4.233
- Author:
Insung HWANG
1
;
Jung Il NOH
;
Soon Im KIM
;
Mun Gyu KIM
;
Sun Young PARK
;
Sang Ho KIM
;
Si Young OK
Author Information
1. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Korea. soonnim@hosp.sch.ac.kr
- Publication Type:Randomized Controlled Trial ; Original Article
- Keywords:
Injection;
Intravenous;
Ketamine;
Lidocaine;
Pain;
Propofol
- MeSH:
Anesthesia;
Anesthesia, General;
Forearm;
Humans;
Incidence;
Ketamine;
Lidocaine;
Propofol;
Prospective Studies;
Rubber;
Tourniquets
- From:Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
2010;59(4):233-237
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Aquafol, a microemulsion propofol, causes more severe and frequent pain on injection than propofol. The purpose of this study was to compare a combination of lidocaine and ketamine on aquafol-induced pain with lidocaine or ketamine alone during the induction of anesthesia. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study, 130 healthy patients who were undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled. The patients received IV lidocaine 40 mg plus ketamine 25 mg (Group LK, n = 43), lidocaine 40 mg (Group L, n = 42), or ketamine 25 mg (Group K, n = 45) with a rubber tourniquet on the forearm 1 min before the injection of microemulsion propofol. The pain score was assessed by a 4-point verbal rating scale (VRS) at 10 seconds after injection of microemulsion propofol 30 mg and during the injection of the remaining total dose. RESULTS: The incidence and severity of pain was significantly lower in Group LK than Group L or Group K at 10 seconds after the injection of microemulsion propofol 30 mg (P < 0.05). And the incidence and severity of pain was significantly lower in Group LK and Group K than Group L during the injection of the remaining total dose (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment with IV lidocaine 40 mg plus ketamine 25 mg with a rubber tourniquet on the forearm 1 min before the injection of microemulsion propofol is more effective than lidocaine 40 mg or ketamine 25 mg alone in preventing pain from the injection of microemulsion propofol.
