Regulatory B Cells and Allergic Diseases.
10.4168/aair.2011.3.3.168
- Author:
Geunwoong NOH
1
;
Jae Ho LEE
Author Information
1. Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea. immlee@cnu.ac.kr
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
Regulatory B cell;
allergy;
IL-10;
TGF-beta;
CD5+ B;
atopic dermatitis;
asthma;
food allergy;
tolerance;
counter-regulation
- MeSH:
Antibodies;
Asthma;
Autoantibodies;
Autoimmune Diseases;
Autoimmunity;
B-Lymphocytes;
B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory;
Colitis;
Cytokines;
Dermatitis, Atopic;
Dermatitis, Contact;
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental;
Food Hypersensitivity;
Humans;
Hypersensitivity;
Immune Tolerance;
Interleukin-10;
T-Lymphocytes;
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory;
Transforming Growth Factor beta
- From:Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
2011;3(3):168-177
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
B cells are generally considered to positively regulate immune responses by producing antigen-specific antibodies. B cells are classified into classical CD5- conventional B cells and CD5+ B1 cells. The latter produce multi-specific autoantibodies and are thought to be involved in autoimmune diseases. However, evidence supporting a B cell negative regulatory function has accumulated over the past 30 years. Multiple reports have suggested that absence, or loss, of regulatory B cells exacerbates symptoms of both allergic (including contact hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis) and autoimmune (such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, chronic colitis, and collagen-induced arthritis) diseases, and in lupus-like models of autoimmunity. Regulatory B cells are characterized by production of the negative regulatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-beta. IL-10-producing B cells were the first regulatory B cells to be recognized and were termed 'B10' cells. IL-10-producing regulatory B cells are of the CD19(+)CD5(+)IgM(hi)IgD(lo)CD1d(hi) type. Recently, a TGF-beta-producing regulatory B cell subset, Br3, has been shown to be related to immune tolerance in food allergies. Moreover, forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)-expressing B cells have also been identified in humans and may act as regulatory B cells (Bregs). The functional image of regulatory B cells is similar to that of regulatory T cells. Because of the proliferative and apoptotic responses of Br1 and Br3 cells in immune tolerance in non-IgE-mediated food allergy, reciprocal roles and counter-regulatory mechanisms of Br1 and Br3 responses are also suspected. Additionally, different roles for regulatory B and T cells at different time points during initiation and progression of autoimmune disease are described.
