Bile Acid Receptor Farnesoid X Receptor: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Metabolic Diseases.
- Author:
Sungsoon FANG
1
Author Information
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords: Bile acids; Farnesoid X receptor; Metabolic diseases
- MeSH: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Bile*; Biological Processes; Body Weight; Energy Metabolism; Felodipine; Gastrectomy; Homeostasis; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Diseases*; Metabolism; Mice; Obesity; Thermogenesis
- From:Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis 2017;6(1):1-7
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
- Abstract: Bile acid has been well known to serve as a hormone in regulating transcriptional activity of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), an endogenous bile acid nuclear receptor. Moreover, bile acid regulates diverse biological processes, including cholesterol/bile acid metabolism, glucose/lipid metabolism and energy expenditure. Alteration of bile acid metabolism has been revealed in type II diabetic (T2D) patients. FXR-mediated bile acid signaling has been reported to play key roles in improving metabolic parameters in vertical sleeve gastrectomy surgery, implying that FXR is an essential modulator in the metabolic homeostasis. Using a genetic mouse model, intestinal specific FXR-null mice have been reported to be resistant to diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Moreover, intestinal specific FXR agonism using gut-specific FXR synthetic agonist has been shown to enhance thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and browning in white adipose tissue to increase energy expenditure, leading to reduced body weight gain and improved insulin resistance. Altogether, FXR is a potent therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
