Executive Dysfunction among Children with Antipsychotic Treated Schizophrenia.
10.9758/cpn.2014.12.3.203
- Author:
Tjhin WIGUNA
1
;
Anthony Paul Sison GUERRERO
;
Shuji HONJO
;
Irawati ISMAIL
;
Noorhana Setyowati WR
;
Fransiska KALIGIS
Author Information
1. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. twiga00@yahoo.com
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
Childhood schizophrenia;
Antipsychotics;
Executive function;
Indonesia
- MeSH:
Adolescent;
Ambulatory Care Facilities;
Antipsychotic Agents;
Child*;
Clozapine;
Executive Function;
Hospitals, General;
Humans;
Indonesia;
Intellectual Disability;
Odds Ratio;
Prevalence;
Risperidone;
Schizophrenia*;
Schizophrenia, Childhood;
Weights and Measures
- From:Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
2014;12(3):203-208
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the executive function among adolescents with antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia in Child and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study with control group. Case was defined as adolescents with antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia without any mental retardation or other physical illnesses (n=45). The control group consisted of healthy and age-matched adolescents (n=135). Executive function is determined by using Indonesian version of Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-Indonesian version). We used SPSS 16.0 program for windows to calculate the prevalence risk ratio (PRR) and set up the p value <0.05. RESULTS: Mean of age was 16.27 (standard deviation 1.86) year-old. Most of the case group (95%) has been treated with atypical antipsychotic such as risperidone, aripipripazole, olanzapine, and clozapine. Duration of having antipsychotic medication was ranged from one to 36 months. Adolescents with antipsychotic treated-schizophrenia had higher BRIEF T-score, except for inhibit scale, shift scale and behavior regulation index. The prevalence risk ratio on several clinical scales were higher in children with antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia compared to control group, such as on emotional state (PRR=7.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.38-23.15), initiate scale (PRR=6.32, 95% CI=2.51-15.95), monitor scale (PRR=8.11, 95% CI=2.0-32.86), and behavior regulation index (PRR=4.09, 95% CI=1.05-15.98). CONCLUSION: In general, the results showed that adolescents with atypical antipsychotic treated-schizophrenia had higher BRIEF T-score compared, and comparable with their normal group control.
