Magnesium Metabolism.
- Author:
Jang Won SEO
1
;
Tae Jin PARK
Author Information
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords: magnesium; homeostasis; paracellular transport; transcellular transport; transient receptor potential channels
- MeSH: Absorption; Cyclosporine; Epithelial Cells; Extremities; Homeostasis; Hypercalciuria; Hypocalcemia; Intestinal Absorption; Magnesium; Nephrocalcinosis; Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors; Tacrolimus; Transcytosis; Transient Receptor Potential Channels
- From:Electrolytes & Blood Pressure 2008;6(2):86-95
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
- Abstract: Magnesium is the second most common intracellular divalent cation. Magnesium balance in the body is controlled by a dynamic interplay among intestinal absorption, exchange with bone, and renal excretion. Intestinal magnesium absorption proceeds in both a passive paracellular and an active transcellular manner. Regulation of serum magnesium concentrations is achieved mainly by control of renal magnesium reabsorption. Only 20% of filtered magnesium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, whereas 60% is reclaimed in the cortical thick ascending limb (TAL) and another 5-10% in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The passive paracellular transport of magnesium in the TAL is closely related with the mutations in claudin-16/paracellin-1 and is responsible for familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. The active transcellular transport of magnesium in the DCT was similarly enhanced by the realization that defects in transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6) cause hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia. This channel regulates the apical entry of magnesium into epithelia and alters whole-body magnesium homeostasis by controlling urinary excretion. TRPM6 is regulated at the transcriptional level by acid-base status, 17beta-estradiol, and both FK506 and cyclosporine. The molecular identity of the protein responsible for the basolateral exit of magnesium from the epithelial cell remains unidentified.
