Development of Methods to Estimate Exposure Levels to Vinyl Chloride Monomer and Multiphasic Screening Tests for Workers of Polyvinyl Chloride Manufacturing Factories.
- Author:
Heon KIM
1
;
Youn Jeong NAM
;
Sung Taek KIM
;
Dae Young KIM
;
Sul Hui HAN
;
Kuck Tae PARK
Author Information
1. College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Korea.
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
Vinyl chloride;
Exposure level;
Screening test;
Sister chromatid exchange;
Questionnaire
- MeSH:
Chromatids;
Clinical Chemistry Tests;
Drinking;
Humans;
Male;
Multiphasic Screening*;
Patient Selection;
Physical Examination;
Polyvinyl Chloride*;
Polyvinyls*;
Questionnaires;
Sample Size;
Siblings;
Sister Chromatid Exchange;
Smoke;
Smoking;
Vinyl Chloride*
- From:Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
1994;6(2):201-218
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:Korean
-
Abstract:
In order to develop questionnaire estimating vinyl chloride monomer(VCM) exposure levels, to reset selection criteria for detailed tests, to measure current VCM exposure levels, to evaluate the mutagenic effects of VCM exposures and to develop multiphasic screening method of PVC- or VCM-handling workers, VCM concentrations of work environments were measured and tentative self-administrative questionnaire, physical examination, sister chromatid exchange(SCE) test and some clinical chemical test were applied to 195 men who had been handling VCM or PVC(Exposed Group) and 37, in the same factories without exposure to VCM or in polyethylene- or polypropylene-related factories(Control Group). Mean VCM concentrations of work environments were 0.268+/-0.183 ppm under PVC synthesis processes, 0.160+/-0.200 ppm under VCM synthesis process, 0.076+/-0.111 ppm under PVC pipe producing processes, 0.090+/-0.108 ppm under PVC wall paper, sheet, or film producing processes, 0.071+/-0.051 ppm under PVC floor producing processes, 0.243+/-0.250 ppm under PVC sash producing processes, and 0.020+/-0.031 ppm under triming process. VCM levels of work environments under manual resin mixing processes (0.209+/-0.168 ppm)were higher than those of the others (0.209+/-0.168 ppm) (p-value<0.05). There was no VCM-related symptoms, the positive response rates of which were higher in the Exposed Group. Overall abnormal rate in clinical chemistry test of the Exposed Group was higher than that of the Control Group, but due to extermely low exposure level of exposure group and to small sample size of the Control Group, no statistical significance was found(p-value>0.05). SCE frequencies of the Exposed Group were significantly higher than those of Contorl Group(p-value<0.05) and those of test-abnormal persons were higher than those of test-normal persons. SCE frequencies linearly increased with not only current but also cumulative VCM exposure levels(p-value<0.05). These results suggest that adverse health effect may ensue from VCM exposure to as low as 1 ppm. But SCE frequencies had no statistically significant correlation with drinking amounts, smoking amoutns, or radiation dose equivalents. Questionnaire was revised by referring to these results and formula estimating cumulative VCM exposure levels based on occupational history in questionnaire were made. In addition, were presented methods evaluating work environments and multiphasic screening test for PVC workers.
