Simultaneous Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Sepsis and Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection in a Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
- Author:
Chang In NOH
1
;
Miri HYUN
;
Ji Yeon LEE
;
Hyun Ah KIM
;
Seong Yeol RYU
Author Information
- Publication Type:Case Report
- Keywords: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Mycobacterium avium complex; Streptococcus pneumoniae
- MeSH: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Bacteremia; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cough; Diagnosis*; Emergency Service, Hospital; Fever; HIV; Humans; Incidence; Male; Mortality; Mycobacterium avium Complex*; Mycobacterium avium*; Mycobacterium*; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Pneumonia; Sepsis*; Streptococcus pneumoniae
- From:Korean Journal of Medicine 2017;92(1):89-93
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:Korean
- Abstract: The incidence of bacteremia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is significantly decreased by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, bacteremia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. A 43-year-old male who had fever and cough for 1 week presented to the emergency room. He was diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome combined with atypical pneumonia and started on antibiotics plus HAART. After 3 days, Streptococcus pneumoniae was grown in blood cultures. Three weeks later, acid-fast bacilli cultures of blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid grew Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC); hence, the patient was treated with antimycobacterial drugs. HIV-infected patients with persistent fever despite administration of appropriate antibiotics should be examined for simultaneous infection by other organisms, such as nontuberculous mycobacteria. We report a case of simultaneous detection of MAC and S. pneumoniae in the blood of a treatment-naïve HIV-infected patient.
