Effects of Halothane on Hepatic Function in the Dog.
- Author:
Hung Kun OH
1
Author Information
1. Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Publication Type:Original Article
- MeSH:
Absorption;
Anesthesia;
Anesthetics;
Animals;
Bile;
Biopsy;
Blood Pressure;
Cardiac Output;
Cholates;
Colloids;
Common Bile Duct;
Cystic Duct;
Dogs*;
Electrolytes;
Halothane*;
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration;
Indocyanine Green;
Laparotomy;
Ligation;
Liver;
National Academy of Sciences (U.S.);
Nebulizers and Vaporizers;
Necrosis;
Ohio;
Osmolar Concentration;
Oxygen;
Phenolsulfonphthalein;
Potassium;
Prothrombin Time;
Respiration;
Sodium;
Thymol
- From:Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
1968;1(1):19-24
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:Korean
-
Abstract:
Since halothane, as a new potent, non-explosive, volatile agent, was introduced by Raventos(1956) and studied clinically by Johnstone(1958), Bryce-Smith (1958) and Stephen(1958), it has been used extensively all over the world. However recent case reports of liver necrosis following halothane anesthesia have raised the possibility that the agent may, under certain circumstance, damage the liver. Following the announcement of cooperative study of effects of halothane on the liver by the National Research Council Committee on anesthesia of U.S.A. in 1963, this investigation was undertaken. Experiments were carried out in 31 anesthetixed mongrel dogs, weighing approximately 10kg. After anesthesia with pentothel sodium (25mg/kg), an endotracheal tube with cuff was passed and connected to a closed circle absorption system using an Ohio Heidbrink machine. Oxygen flow was 300 to 500 ml/min. Fluotec Mark II vaporizer, using 1.5 to 2% for induction and 0.5 to 1% for maintenance, was set up outside of the circle system. Depth of anesthesia was judged mainly by clinical signs eg. respiration and blood pressure, and halothane anesthesia lasted for 3 hours. After laparotomy, a ligation of the cystic duct was done and bile was collected from the cannulated common bile duct continuously. Studies have been made on the cardiac output and hepatic blood flow with changes of blood pressure, bile formation, function of dye excretion, changes of serum protein, prothrombin time, coagulation time and histopathological changes of the liver. The results obtained may be summarixed as follows. 1. Measuring of cardiac output using RIHSA after halothane administration with lowered blood pressure, as compared with investigations before halothane (average blood pressure 155mmHg),showed 12.4% decrease in light anesthesia (average B.P. 140mmHg) and 27% in deep anesthesia (average B.P. 70mmHg). 2. Hepatic blood flow measured with radioactive colloidal gold(Au198) showed 218 ml/min in the control group (B.P. 170mmHg) and 309 ml/min in the deep halothane anesthesia group (B.P. 80mmHg). Thus there was a 42% increase in deep halothane anesthesia. As the blood pressure decreased the cardiac output also decreased but the hepatic blood flow showed a tendency to increase. 3. The amount of bile flow and cholate output in the pre-halothane state was 0.040 ml/min and 1. 069 mg/min, respectively. After halothane administration, the bile was significantly increased to 0. 061 ml/min at 90 min. Thereafter it returned to the initial level 3 hours later and cholateoutput continuously decreased for 3 hrs., showing that halothane may have a hydrocholeretic effect. Before and after the halothane administration, pO2 in arteral blood was 344 and 377 mmHg, pCO2 in arterial blood was 38.5 and 40.9mmHg, respectively. The pO2, pCO2, pH and electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride concentration) in the hepatic bile did not reveal a significant change. Electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride), and osmolarity in urine did not show significant changes.4. The function of biliary dye excretion was studied using bromsulfalein (BSP), phenol red (PSP) and indocyanine green. The one hour biliary excretion of indocyanine green did not show significant changes between the control group, the group with exposure only, and the group with two exposures with an interval of 1 week. However, the biliary excretion of indocyanine green for 2 hours was 45% of the given amount for the control group, 41% for one exposure, and 37% for the group with two exposures. PSP biliary clearance, before and after haIothane administration, showed 19.62 ml/min and 13. 35 ml/min respectively, but BSP biliary clearances were 21. 3 ml/min and 22. 0 ml/min respectively. It is concluded that the biliary excretion of indocyanine green and PSP showed a tendency for a decrease following halothane administration. 5. The coagulation time and prothrombin time, measured after halothane administration, were shortened during the first hour, and after this, they were gradually prolonged, returning to normal m two to three hours after the administration. The values of serum protein and thymol turbidity did not show significant differences among each group and between the time before and after halothane administration. 6. The histopathological examination showed that the anesthetic group had a much more intense degree of degenerative changes of liver parenchymal cells including vacuolar formation and hydropic degeneration, in addition to vasodilatetion, compared with the biopsy before halothane. 7. The above studies indicate that halothane administration exerts a slight influence on the hepatic function and induces histological changes in the liver. However, quantitative comparison between halothane and other anesthetic drugs will be clarified by further studies.
