The Incidence Rate and Risk Factors of Pressure-induced Skin Breakdown during Operation.
10.4097/kjae.2006.50.5.525
- Author:
Soo Joo CHOI
1
;
Dae Won KIM
;
Hye Seon CHUNG
;
Hyun Joo AHN
;
Mi Sook GWAK
;
Mikyung YANG
;
Sang Min LEE
;
Gaab Soo KIM
Author Information
1. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. gskim@smc.samsung.co.kr
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
operation;
pressure;
risk factor;
skin breakdown
- MeSH:
Blister;
Body Height;
Body Mass Index;
Humans;
Hypertension;
Hypotension;
Incidence*;
Length of Stay;
Orthopedics;
Perioperative Period;
Pressure Ulcer;
Prone Position;
Risk Factors*;
Serum Albumin;
Skin*;
Surgery, Plastic
- From:Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
2006;50(5):525-529
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:Korean
-
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Pressure-induced skin breakdown is not only a painful inconvenience to the patient, but it is also associated with a prolonged hospital stay. This study examined the incidence of pressure-induced skin breakdown in attempt to identify the associated risk factors during elective surgery. METHODS: Data were collected from 808 subjects who underwent orthopedic, thoracic, neuro- or plastic surgery over a six-month period. The data included age, gender, weight, height, body mass index, ASA status, surgical position, operation time, estimated blood loss, preoperative hemoglobin concentration, serum albumin, co-morbidity, and intraoperative hypotension. The patient's skin was inspected closely within 24 hours after surgery. The sites and severity of skin breakdown were assessed. RESULTS: Of the 808 patients in this study, 192 patients (23.8%) developed skin breakdown during surgery. The incidence of blisters, abrasion, or blister and abrasion was 6.1%. The patient's weight, operation time, estimated blood loss, malignancy, and intraoperative hypotension were significantly related to the development of skin breakdown (P < 0.05). The incidence of pressure-induced skin breakdown was highest in the prone position (P = 0.000). Age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, preoperative hemoglobin and albumin level were not found to be risk factors of skin breakdown. CONCLUSIONS: The early identification of a patient at risk is a first step in a scientifically based approach for preventing the development of pressure sores. Although intervention will not always prevent the development of pressure sores, a medical team must recognize the risk factors associated with skin breakdown and carry out careful intervention during the perioperative period.
