The Similarities and Differences between Intracranial and Spinal Ependymomas : A Review from a Genetic Research Perspective.
10.3340/jkns.2016.59.2.83
- Author:
Chang Hyun LEE
1
;
Chun Kee CHUNG
;
Jung Hun OHN
;
Chi Heon KIM
Author Information
1. Department of Neurosurgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
Ependymoma;
Genetics;
NF2;
Spinal;
Intracranial
- MeSH:
Brain;
Ependymoma*;
Genetic Research*;
Genetics;
Methylation;
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1;
Neoplasm Metastasis;
Neurofibromin 2;
Prognosis;
Recurrence;
Spinal Cord;
Spine
- From:Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
2016;59(2):83-90
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Ependymomas occur in both the brain and spine. The prognosis of these tumors sometimes differs for different locations. The genetic landscape of ependymoma is very heterogeneous despite the similarity of histopathologic findings. In this review, we describe the genetic differences between spinal ependymomas and their intracranial counterparts to better understand their prognosis. From the literature review, many studies have reported that spinal cord ependymoma might be associated with NF2 mutation, NEFL overexpression, Merlin loss, and 9q gain. In myxopapillary ependymoma, NEFL and HOXB13 overexpression were reported to be associated. Prior studies have identified HIC-1 methylation, 4.1B deletion, and 4.1R loss as common features in intracranial ependymoma. Supratentorial ependymoma is usually characterized by NOTCH-1 mutation and p75 expression. TNC mutation, no hypermethylation of RASSF1A, and GFAP/NeuN expression may be diagnostic clues of posterior fossa ependymoma. Although MEN1, TP53, and PTEN mutations are rarely reported in ependymoma, they may be related to a poor prognosis, such as recurrence or metastasis. Spinal ependymoma has been found to be quite different from intracranial ependymoma in genetic studies, and the favorable prognosis in spinal ependymoma may be the result of the genetic differences. A more detailed understanding of these various genetic aberrations may enable the identification of more specific prognostic markers as well as the development of customized targeted therapies.
