Decreased Expression of TLR-9 and Cytokines in the Presence of Bacteria in Patients with Otitis Media with Effusion.
- Author:
Ho Yun LEE
1
;
Young Il KIM
;
Jin Woo LEE
;
Jae Yong BYUN
;
Moon Suh PARK
;
Seung Geun YEO
Author Information
1. Department of Otolaryngology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. yeo2park@gmail.com
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
Toll-like receptor;
Bacteria;
Innate immunity;
Cytokine;
Nitric oxide synthase
- MeSH:
Bacillus;
Bacteria*;
Coagulase;
Cytokines*;
Down-Regulation;
Ear, Middle;
Haemophilus;
Humans;
Immune System;
Immunity, Innate;
Influenza, Human;
Interferons;
Interleukin-12;
Interleukin-6;
Interleukins;
Nitric Oxide Synthase;
Otitis Media with Effusion*;
Otitis Media*;
Otitis*;
Pneumonia;
RNA, Messenger;
Staphylococcus;
Staphylococcus aureus;
Streptococcus;
Toll-Like Receptors;
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
- From:Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
2013;6(4):195-200
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
OBJECTIVES: Toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 recognizes unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) motifs in bacteria. Therefore, the expression of TLR-9 may differ according to the results of bacterial culture, and thus a change in proinflammatory cytokine induction can also be expected. The authors aimed to assess the differences and relationships between the expression of TLR-9, cytokines, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in otitis media with effusion (OME) based on bacterial culture results. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with OME were divided into culture-positive and culture-negative groups based on middle ear culture results. mRNA expression of TLR-9, NOS, and cytokines was measured and analyzed. RESULTS: Bacteria were detected in 38.2% of patients, and the distribution was as follows: coagulase negative Staphylococcus (10.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.8%), Streptococcus pneumonia (5.9%), and Bacillus spp. and Haemophilus influenza combined (2.9%). There were no significant differences in epidemiologic characteristics according to the culture results. Down-regulation of TLR-9 was observed in the culture-positive group (P=0.019). Cytokines including interleukin (IL)-12 (r=-0.582), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (r=-0.569), interferon (IFN)-gamma (r=-0.442), IL-6 (r=-0.395) and inducible NOS (r=-0.256) tended to decrease with the detection of bacteria. CONCLUSION: The expression of TLR-9 significantly decreased in OME with confirmed bacterial pathogens. IL-12, TNF-alpha, IFN-beta, IL-6 expression tended to decrease with the detection of bacteria. The presence of bacterial pathogens in OME may be related to abnormalities in the innate immune system.
