Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate or Lidocaine Mixed with Rocuronium on Withdrawal Movement during Rocuronium Injection.
10.4097/kjae.2004.46.2.160
- Author:
Sung Mi HWANG
1
;
Moon Seob OH
;
So Young LIM
Author Information
1. Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
- Publication Type:Original Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
- Keywords:
lidocaine;
pain;
rocuronium;
sodium bicarbonate;
withdrawal movement
- MeSH:
Anesthesia;
Arm;
Humans;
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration;
Incidence;
Lidocaine*;
Prospective Studies;
Sodium Bicarbonate*;
Sodium*;
Thiopental
- From:Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
2004;46(2):160-163
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:Korean
-
Abstract:
BACKGROUND:We have often observed arm withdrawal on administering rocuronium. This study was performed to determine the cause and to prevent this movement by mixing rocuronium with lidocaine or sodium bicarbonate. METHODS: Sixty-two patients, ASA I-II, were randomized into three groups for this blind, prospective study. After induction of anesthesia by thiopental sodium 0.5 mg/kg, each group received rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg alone (group R), with 2% (2 ml) lidocaine (group L), or rocuronium with an equivalent volume of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate (group S). Patients' responses to the injection were graded using a 4-point scale and the pHs of the mixtures were measured. RESULTS: The incidence rate of arm withdrawal was more reduced in groups L (47%) and S (45%) than in group R (80%) (P < 0.05). Severe withdrawal movement (grade 3) did not occur in group S (0%). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and the degree of withdrawal movement in response to the injection of rocuronium were significantly reduced by mixing an equivalent volume of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate with rocuronium.
