CpG Island Hypermethylation in Gastric Carcinoma and Its Premalignant Lesions.
10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.1.1
- Author:
Gyeong Hoon KANG
1
Author Information
1. Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ghkang@snu.ac.kr
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
CpG island;
DNA methylation;
Gastric cancer;
Intestinal metaplasia
- MeSH:
Carcinogens;
CpG Islands;
DNA Methylation;
Epigenomics;
Epithelial Cells;
Helicobacter pylori;
Herpesvirus 4, Human;
Humans;
Stomach Neoplasms
- From:Korean Journal of Pathology
2012;46(1):1-9
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Gastric cancers arise through a multistep process characterized by the progressive accumulation of molecular alterations in which genetic and epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated. Gastric cancer is one of the human malignancies in which aberrant promoter CpG island hypermethylation is frequently found. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus, which are known carcinogens for gastric cancer, are closely associated with enhanced hypermethylation of CpG island loci in gastric non-neoplastic epithelial cells and cancer cells, respectively. Aberrant CpG island hypermethylation occurs early in the multistep cascade of gastric carcinogenesis and tends to increase with the step-wise progression of the lesion. Approximately 400 genes that are actively expressed in normal gastric epithelial cells are estimated to be inactivated in gastric cancers as a result of promoter CpG island hypermethylation. In this review, a variety of information is summarized regarding CpG island hypermethylation in gastric cancer.
