Treadmill Exercise Improves Memory Function Depending on Circadian Rhythm Changes in Mice.
- Author:
Dong Sup HWANG
1
;
Hyo Bum KWAK
;
Il Gyu KO
;
Sung Eun KIM
;
Jun Jang JIN
;
Eun Sang JI
;
Hyun Hee CHOI
;
Oh Young KWON
Author Information
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords: Exercise Test; Memory, Short-term; Learning; Neurogenesis; Neuronal Plasticity
- MeSH: Animals; Blotting, Western; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Circadian Rhythm*; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Early Growth Response Protein 1; Exercise Test; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; GAP-43 Protein; Hippocampus; Learning; Memory*; Memory, Short-Term; Mice*; Neurogenesis; Neuronal Plasticity; Post-Synaptic Density; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Spatial Learning
- From:International Neurourology Journal 2016;20(Suppl 2):S141-S149
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
- Abstract: PURPOSE: Exercise enhances memory function by increasing neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and circadian rhythms modulate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. The circadian rhythm-dependent effects of treadmill exercise on memory function in relation with neurogenesis were investigated using mice. METHODS: The step-down avoidance test was used to evaluate short-term memory, the 8-arm maze test was used to test spatial learning ability, and 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine immunofluorescence was used to assess neurogenesis. Western blotting was also performed to assess levels of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase receptor B, phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein, early growth response protein 1, postsynaptic density protein 95, and growth-associated protein 43. The mice in the treadmill exercise at zeitgeber 1 group started exercising 1 hour after sunrise, the mice in the treadmill exercise at zeitgeber 6 group started exercising 6 hours after sunrise, and the mice in the treadmill exercise at zeitgeber 13 group started exercising 1 hour after sunset. The mice in the exercise groups were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 minutes once a day for 7 weeks. RESULTS: Treadmill exercise improved short-term memory and spatial learning ability, and increased hippocampal neurogenesis and the expression of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins. These effects of treadmill exercise were stronger in mice that exercised during the day or in the evening than in mice that exercised at dawn. CONCLUSIONS: Treadmill exercise improved memory function by increasing neurogenesis and the expression of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins. These results suggest that the memory-enhancing effect of treadmill exercise may depend on circadian rhythm changes.
