Plasmodium vivax Drug Resistance Genes; Pvmdr1 and Pvcrt-o Polymorphisms in Relation to Chloroquine Sensitivity from a Malaria Endemic Area of Thailand.
- Author:
Kanchana RUNGSIHIRUNRAT
1
;
Poonuch MUHAMAD
;
Wanna CHAIJAROENKUL
;
Jiraporn KUESAP
;
Kesara NA-BANGCHANG
Author Information
- Publication Type:Original Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Keywords: Plasmodium vivax; Pvmdr1; Pvcrt-o; drug resistance; chloroquine
- MeSH: Amino Acid Substitution; Antimalarials/*pharmacology; Chloroquine/*pharmacology; *Drug Resistance; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Malaria, Vivax/*parasitology; Membrane Transport Proteins/*genetics; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/*genetics; Mutation, Missense; Myanmar; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plasmodium vivax/*drug effects/genetics; Protozoan Proteins/*genetics; Thailand
- From:The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2015;53(1):43-49
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
- Abstract: The aim of the study was to explore the possible molecular markers of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax isolates in Thailand. A total of 30 P. vivax isolates were collected from a malaria endemic area along the Thai-Myanmar border in Mae Sot district of Thailand. Dried blood spot samples were collected for analysis of Pvmdr1 and Pvcrt-o polymorphisms. Blood samples (100 mul) were collected by finger-prick for in vitro chloroquine susceptibility testing by schizont maturation inhibition assay. Based on the cut-off IC50 of 100 nM, 19 (63.3%) isolates were classified as chloroquine resistant P. vivax isolates. Seven non-synonymous mutations and 2 synonymous were identified in Pvmdr1 gene. Y976F and F1076L mutations were detected in 7 (23.3%) and 16 isolates (53.3%), respectively. Analysis of Pvcrt-o gene revealed that all isolates were wild-type. Our results suggest that chloroquine resistance gene is now spreading in this area. Monitoring of chloroquine resistant molecular markers provide a useful tool for future control of P. vivax malaria.
