A Systematic Review of Oxidative Stress and Safety of Antioxidants in Diabetes: Focus on Islets and Their Defense.
10.4093/dmj.2013.37.2.106
- Author:
Udayakumar KARUNAKARAN
1
;
Keun Gyu PARK
Author Information
1. Departments of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism and World Class University Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea. kpark@knu.ac.kr
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
Glucose stimulated insulin secretion;
Nitric oxide;
Reactive nitrogen species;
Reactive oxygen species;
Superoxide dismutase
- MeSH:
Antioxidants;
Choristoma;
Diabetes Complications;
Gene Expression;
Homeostasis;
Nitric Oxide;
Oxidation-Reduction;
Oxidative Stress;
Reactive Nitrogen Species;
Reactive Oxygen Species;
Second Messenger Systems;
Signal Transduction;
Superoxide Dismutase
- From:Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
2013;37(2):106-112
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
A growing body of evidence suggests that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in diabetic complications, especially beta-cell dysfunction and failure. Under physiological conditions, reactive oxygen species serve as second messengers that facilitate signal transduction and gene expression in pancreatic beta-cells. However, under pathological conditions, an imbalance in redox homeostasis leads to aberrant tissue damage and beta-cell death due to a lack of antioxidant defense systems. Taking into account the vulnerability of islets to oxidative damage, induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes or exogenous antioxidant administration has been proposed as a way to protect beta-cells against diabetic insults. Here, we consider recent insights into how the redox response becomes deregulated under diabetic conditions, as well as the therapeutic benefits of antioxidants, which may provide clues for developing strategies aimed at the treatment or prevention of diabetes associated with beta-cell failure.
