Rooted in Confucian ethics, Indigenous traditions, and historical reliance on the family due to limited social safety nets, filial piety had traditionally mandated children's complete responsibility for their aging parents' care in the Philippines. However, profound social and economic transformations, including globalization, migration, and evolving gender roles are increasingly challenging this traditional model.

This study explored how filial piety is being reinterpreted and practiced within Filipino families to adapt to the realities of the 21st century. Furthermore, it sought to generate new knowledge to inform nursing practice, research, and education regarding culturally sensitive elder care in the Philippines.

In employing Walker and Avant's eight-step concept analysis process, this study systematically reviewed relevant literature from PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar that was complemented by insights from personal experiences and informal dialogues. This approach clarified filial piety's current understanding and identified its defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents.

The analysis revealed that filial piety in the Philippines is a dynamic and multifaceted concept, defined by respect, care, support, obligation, and emotional closeness. While these attributes remain deeply ingrained in Filipino culture, their expression significantly adapted to modern realities. Findings had indicated that geographical dispersion challenges traditional co-residence that consequently require new forms of support like remittances and digital communication. While respect and care for elders remain paramount, families are increasingly open to alternative care models, such as shared caregiving arrangements or professional assisted living facilities, thus reflecting a pragmatic adaptation rather than abandoning the core value. The analysis affirmed its antecedents in Confucian philosophy, indigenous traditions, and historically limited social safety nets. Consequences included strengthened family bonds and a sense of fulfillment, alongside potential risks of elder exploitation and significant caregiver strain.

Filial piety profoundly influences caregiving practices for older Filipinos, but its expression dynamically adapts to modern life. This study suggested that prioritizing open communication, collective responsibility even when geographically separated, and flexible care arrangements offered vital opportunities for developing more sustainable and supportive intergenerational care models for Filipino families. These insights may also provide valuable perspectives for other societies navigating similar socioeconomic shifts in traditional family values.