Research progress on the pathogenesis of central retinal vein occlusion
10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.8.09
- VernacularTitle:视网膜中央静脉阻塞发病机制的研究进展
- Author:
Qi HAN
1
,
2
;
Xue HAN
1
,
2
;
Xingchen GUO
1
,
2
;
Yuanhui YANG
1
,
2
;
Yuanmin LI
1
,
2
;
Yufang TENG
1
,
2
Author Information
1. Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, Shandong Province, China
2. Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
central retinal vein occlusion;
pathogenesis;
review
- From:
International Eye Science
2025;25(8):1261-1266
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)is a retinal vascular disorder that significantly impairs vision, with its underlying mechanisms involving complex interactions across multiple biological systems. This article provides a systematic review of the pathological mechanisms associated with CRVO, emphasizing critical factors such as endothelial dysfunction, arteriosclerosis, thrombophilia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The pathological mechanisms of CRVO are characterized by arteriosclerosis, which obstructs venous return through a dual mechanism involving mechanical compression and endothelin-1-mediated contraction; endothelial dysfunction, which exacerbates disturbances in blood flow; genetic and acquired coagulation abnormalities that disrupt hemostatic balance and promote thrombosis; and the synergistic effects of inflammation and oxidative stress that activate cytokines, thereby aggravating ischemia and vascular leakage. Innovatively, this review explores emerging mechanisms such as miRNA-mediated vascular regulation via exosomes, gut microbiota-retina crosstalk through the “gut-eye axis,” and systemic metabolic interactions that link local retinal lesions to broader dysregulation of CRVO. These insights underscore the importance of integrated eye-system interventions and provide a theoretical foundation for advancing early biomarker discovery, multitarget therapeutics, and personalized treatment paradigms. By bridging localized pathology and systemic mechanisms, this work promotes a transformative shift toward an integrative medicine model in the diagnosis and management of CRVO.
