Clinical and laboratory features and prognosis of anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 antibody encephalitis
10.19845/j.cnki.zfysjjbzz.2025.0098
- VernacularTitle:抗LGI1抗体脑炎临床特征、实验室检查及预后分析
- Author:
Lin CHEN
1
,
2
;
Ning RU
1
,
2
Author Information
1. Department of Neurology，Fu Yang People'
2. s Hospital，Fuyang 236000，China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 antibody encephalitis;
Epilepsy;
Mental and behavioral disorder;
Cognitive disorder;
Electrolyte disturbance
- From:
Journal of Apoplexy and Nervous Diseases
2025;42(6):517-522
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the clinical features，laboratory findings，and prognosis of patients with autoimmune encephalitis positive for leucine rich glioma inactivated 1（LGI1）antibody. Methods We reviewed the clinical data of 11 patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis hospitalized in Fu Yang People's Hospital from October 2019 to December 2024. Results All the 11 patients（100%）had cognitive function involvement，9（81.8%）had epileptic seizures，5（45.5%）had mental and behavioral abnormalities，4（36.4%）had sleep disorders，3（27.3%）had autonomic nervous dysfunction，2（18.2%）had faciobrachial dystonic seizures（FBDS），2（18.2%）had facial numbness，and 1（9.1%）had phantosmia and pruritus in both eyes and the neck. LGI1 antibody was positive in the serum of all the cases（100%）and present in the cerebrospinal fluid of 8 cases（72.3%）. Seven cases（63.6%）had hyponatremia，and 5 cases（45.5%）also had hypophosphatemia，hypocalcemia，and hypomagnesemia in addition to blood sodium lower than 134 mmol/L. Intracranial abnormalities were detected in 7 cases（63.6%）on magnetic resonance imaging. Electroencephalogram abnormalities were recorded in 6 cases（54.5%）. After immunosuppressive treatment，2 cases（18.2%）had recurrent symptoms，and 2 cases（18.2%）had residual mild memory impairment. In terms of prognosis，the modified Rankin Scale scores were generally favorable. Conclusion Anti-LGI1 encephalitis manifests as convulsions，FBDS，memory decline，mental and behavioral abnormalities，autonomic nervous dysfunction，sleep disorders，hyponatremia，and multiple electrolyte disorders such as hypomagnesemia，hypocalcemia，and hypophosphatemia when blood sodium is below 134 mmol/L. The prognosis with immunosuppressive treatment is favorable，but recurrent symptoms may occur.
