Recent advances and challenges of CpG ODN adjuvants
10.13200/j.cnki.cjb.004497
- VernacularTitle:CpG ODN佐剂的最新研究进展与挑战
- Author:
ZHANG Linyu
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Adjuvants;
Vaccines;
Toll-like receptor(TLR) agonists;
CpG ODN
- From:
Chinese Journal of Biologicals
2025;38(06):746-752
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Adjuvants are an important part of vaccines. In order to overcome the weaknesses of traditional adjuvants, it is essential to develop new adjuvants. At present, CpG ODN has been used as vaccine adjuvants in clinical and preclinical studies of preventive antiviral, anti-parasitic and therapeutic tumor vaccines. Hepatitis B vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine with CpG ODN 1018 as adjuvant have been approved for marketing. In addition to single application, it is one of the most important research directions to develop new delivery systems of anti-tumor vaccines(such as nanoparticles and liposomes)with CpG ODN as adjuvant, and the delivery efficiency and targeting of CpG ODN need to be improved. In addition to the traditional subcutaneous and intramuscular immunization routes, CpG ODN is also being applied to the development of intranasal mucosal immune adjuvants, and its efficacy and mechanism as mucosal immune adjuvants have not been fully clarified.CpG ODN is an agonist of Toll-like receptor 9(TLR9), which can activate natural immunity and further mediate adaptive immune response. Its characteristic is that it can cause strong Th1 immune response. Although many clinical studies showed that CpG ODN adjuvants only cause slight and short-term adverse reactions, some studies also showed that CpG ODN may cause or aggravate autoimmune diseases and inflammatory syndrome by promoting Th1 response. How to overcome this shortcoming of CpG ODN adjuvants may be a challenge for the development of CpG ODN adjuvants in the future. In this paper,the latest research progress and challenges of CpG ODN adjuvants are reviewed.
