The Utilization of Navigation and Emerging Technologies With Endoscopic Spine Surgery: A Narrative Review
- Author:
Abhinav K. SHARMA
1
;
Rafael Garcia DE OLIVEIRA
;
Siravich SUVITHAYASIRI
;
Piya CHAVALPARIT
;
Chien Chun CHANG
;
Yong H. KIM
;
Charla R. FISCHER
;
Sang LEE
;
Samuel CHO
;
Jin-Sung KIM
;
Don Young PARK
Author Information
- Publication Type:Review Article
- From: Neurospine 2025;22(1):105-117
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
- Abstract: Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) is growing in popularity worldwide. An expanding body of literature demonstrates rapid functional recovery with reduced morbidity compared to open techniques. Both full endoscopic spine surgery, or uniportal endoscopy, and unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) can be employed in conjunction with various navigation and enabling technologies for assistance with localization of anatomic orientation and assessment of the intraoperative target spinal pathology. This review article describes various navigation technologies in ESS, including 2-dimensional (2D) fluoroscopic imaging, 2D fluoroscopic navigation, 3-dimensional C-arm navigation, augmented reality, and spinal robotics. Employment of enabling navigation and emerging technology with the registration of patient-specific anatomy enables clear delineation of anatomic landmarks and facilitation of a successful procedure. Additionally, avoidance of common pitfalls during use of navigation systems in ESS is discussed in this review.
