Novel Antidepressants Targeting Neurosteroids
10.22802/jksbtp.2024.30.3.45
- Author:
Seoyoung YOON
1
Author Information
1. Department of Psychiatry, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Publication Type:Review
- From:
Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Therapies in Psychiatry
2024;30(3):45-51
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Depressive disorders are prevalent worldwide. Despite the availability of various antidepressants, treatment responses remain suboptimal, with disappointing remission rates. Recent advancements in antidepressant development have shifted focus to mechanisms beyond traditional monoamine neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine. Allopregnanolone, a neurosteroid, acts as a positive allosteric modulator of GABA A receptors, playing a significant role in regulating mood and anxiety. Fluctuations in allopregnanolone levels during reproductive cycles contribute to mood disorders such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder, postpartum depression (PPD), and menopausal depression. Recently, the Food and Drug Administration approved two novel antidepressants, brexanolone (IV) and zuranolone (oral). These synthetic analogs of allopregnanolone offer fast-acting relief for PPD by enhancing GABAergic inhibition. Additionally, these neurosteroid-based therapies provide new hope for patients with depression beyond PPD, due to their rapid onset of action. However, concerns regarding long-term safety and the potential for misuse remain, necessitating further research.This review explores the relationship between neurosteroids and depression, with a focus on the mechanisms and clinical applications of brexanolone and zuranolone in treating mood disorders.
