Global, Regional, and National Trends in Liver Disease-Related Mortality Across 112 Countries From 1990 to 2021, With Projections to 2050:Comprehensive Analysis of the WHO Mortality Database
10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e292
- Author:
Jong Woo HAHN
1
;
Selin WOO
;
Jaeyu PARK
;
Hyeri LEE
;
Hyeon Jin KIM
;
Jae Sung KO
;
Jin Soo MOON
;
Masoud RAHMATI
;
Lee SMITH
;
Jiseung KANG
;
Damiano PIZZOL
;
Mark A TULLY
;
Elena DRAGIOTI
;
Guillermo F. LÓPEZ SÁNCHEZ
;
Kwanjoo LEE
;
Yeonjung HA
;
Jinseok LEE
;
Hayeon LEE
;
Sang Youl RHEE
;
Yejun SON
;
Soeun KIM
;
Dong Keon YON
Author Information
1. Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Publication Type:Original Article
- From:Journal of Korean Medical Science
2024;39(46):e292-
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Background:Liver disease causes over two million deaths annually worldwide, comprising approximately 4% of all global fatalities. We aimed to analyze liver disease-related mortality trends from 1990 to 2021 using the World Health Organization (WHO) Mortality Database and forecast global liver disease-related mortality rates up to 2050.
Methods:This study examined age-standardized liver disease-related death rates from 1990 to 2021, employing data from the WHO Mortality Database across 112 countries across five continents. The rates over time were calculated using a locally weighted scatter plot smoother curve, with weights assigned based on the population of each country. Furthermore, this study projected liver disease-related mortality rates up to 2050 using a Bayesian age-periodcohort (BAPC) model. Additionally, a decomposition analysis was conducted to discern influencing factors such as population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes.
Results:The estimated global age-standardized liver disease-related mortality rates surged significantly from 1990 to 2021 across 112 countries, rising from 103.4 deaths per 1,000,000 people (95% confidence interval [CI], 88.16, 118.74) in 1990 to 173.0 deaths per 1,000,000 people (95% CI, 155.15, 190.95) in 2021. This upward trend was particularly pronounced in low- and middle-income countries, in Africa, and in populations aged 65 years and older.Moreover, age-standardized liver disease-related mortality rates were correlated with a lower Human Development Index (P < 0.001) and sociodemographic index (P = 0.001). According to the BAPC model, the projected trend indicated a sustained and substantial decline in liver disease-related mortality rates, with an estimated decrease from 185.08 deaths per 1,000,000 people (95% CI, 179.79, 190.63) in 2021 to 156.29 (112.32, 214.77) in 2050. From 1990 to 2021, age-standardized liver disease-related deaths surged primarily due to epidemiological changes, whereas from 1990 to 2050, the impact of population aging and growth became the primary contributing factors to the overall increase.
Conclusion:Global age-standardized liver disease-related mortality has increased significantly and continues to emerge as a crucial global public health issue. Further investigation into liver disease-related mortality rates in Africa is needed, and updating policies is necessary to effectively manage the global burden of liver disease.
