The prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, stimulant, khat, and cannabis use among school-going students in African and Arab countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0204
- Author:
Chaimaa El MOUBCHIRI
1
;
Mohamed CHAHBOUNE
;
Morad GUENNOUNI
;
Abderraouf HILALI
Author Information
1. Hassan First University of Settat, Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Settat, Morocco
- Publication Type:Review Article
- From:
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives
2025;16(1):28-41
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Objectives:The objectives of this review and meta-analysis were twofold: first, to determine theprevalence of substance use among school-going children in Arab and African countries; andsecond, to highlight the considerable influence of variables such as the nation’s region and thetimeframe of the study on the prevalence of substance use.
Methods:Research was sourced from Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar,and PubMed. Thirty-seven articles were incorporated in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. This review included studies published from 2013 to 2023. The statistical meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis ver. 3 software. Across 37 studies, the total number of study participants was 73,508.
Results:The meta-analysis revealed that tobacco was the most commonly used substance, with a prevalence of 16% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.7%–20.02%). This was closely followed by alcohol, which had a prevalence of 15% (95% CI, 10.5%–22.8%), stimulants at 11.4% (95% CI, 7.4%– 17%), khat at 10% (95% CI, 5.7%–15%), and cannabis at 8% (95% CI, 3.3%–18.4%). Notably, alcohol was the only substance that showed an increasing trend in prevalence from before to after 2019, rising from 13.3% (95% CI, 6.2%–26.1%) to 17% (95% CI, 10.2%–27%) (p < 0.001). Additionally, the prevalence of substance use varied significantly between Arab and African countries (p < 0.001).
Conclusion:Although the prevalence of substance use among school-going populations hassignificantly decreased over time, with the exception of alcohol, it is imperative that bothAfrican and Arab countries implement comprehensive measures and stringent laws to addressthe production and marketing of substances.
