Analysis on the nutritional intake status by smoking, drinking, and obesity in adult over 19: insights from the 2019 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- Author:
Min-Young CHONG
1
;
Inhwa HAN
Author Information
- Publication Type:Research Article
- From:Journal of Nutrition and Health 2025;58(1):41-58
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Purpose:The nutrient intake status of the groups classified by smoking amount, drinking frequency, and obesity were compared using data from the Eighth (2019) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine the relationship of nutrient intake status with heath behavior in adults.
Methods:This study analyzed the nutritional intakes of 4,379 people over 19-years old and compared nutrient intake amount (NIA) and density (ND), and ratios of nutrient intake (%DRI) and subjects intaking less (< DRI) compared to the daily dietary reference of the groups divided by health behaviors including smoking amount, drinking frequency, and obesity status.
Results:NIA of dietary fiber, vitamin A, folic acid and vitamin C was lower in smoker groups compared to non-smoker group and ND of those decreased with smoking amount.%DRI of dietary fiber and vitamin C was also lower and < DRI of those higher in smoker group. NIA and ND of dietary fiber and vitamin C, and %DRI also decreased with drinking frequency. NIA of energy, protein, saturated fatty acid, iron, thiamin, and niacin was the highest in overweight group by body mass index (BMI), NIA of fat and sodium increased with obesity by BMI, and only sodium was higher in obese group by waist circumference. Lower consumption of dietary fiber and vitamin C in the groups of higher smoking amount and drinking frequency, and higher consumption of fat and sodium in obese groups imply the dietary problem to be improved.
Conclusion:This result implies that the nutritional status of the groups of smoking, drinking, or obesity have been improved but more effort is required to sustain the health diet at the same time.
