Recent studies have demonstrated a close association between human health, disease susceptibility, and microbial communities. In women of reproductive age, alterations in the reproductive tract microbiota have been linked to various pregnancy outcomes. Traditionally, tubal pregnancy has been attributed to fallopian tube inflammation, developmental or functional abnormalities, and surgical interventions. However, emerging research on microbiota has revealed that dysbiosis of the reproductive tract microbiome, such as vaginal microbial imbalance, may impair endometrial receptivity and consequently increase the risk of tubal pregnancy. Through a comprehensive literature review, this article summarizes current research progress on the correlation between reproductive tract microbiota and tubal pregnancy, aiming to explore potential pathogenic mechanisms and provide valuable insights for further clinical investigations.