Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Associated Laboratory Abnormalities in New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- VernacularTitle:Чихрийн шижин хэв шинж-1-ээр анх оношлогдох үеийн кетоацидоз ба лабораторийн зарим өөрчлөлтийг судалсан нь
- Author:
Azjargal B
1
;
Khishigjargal B
1
;
Erdenetuya G
1
Author Information
1. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, MNUMS
- Publication Type:Other Types
- Keywords:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus;
Children;
Blood sugar
- From:
Mongolian Journal of Health Sciences
2025;88(4):33-37
- CountryMongolia
- Language:Mongolian
-
Abstract:
Background :Diabetic ketoacidosis, an early and common complication at the initial diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mel
litus (T1DM), remains a significant clinical concern. The high prevalence of this complication in the pediatric population
provided the rationale for conducting the present study.
Aim:Our study aims to compare the incidence, clinical features, and physical measurements associated with diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA) at the time of initial diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), and to classify the severity of
DKA based on selected laboratory findings.
Materials and Methods:We conducted a retrospective observational study of newly diagnosed T1DM with DKA in
children aged less than 18 years old at National Center for Maternal and Child Health during the period 2017-2022. The
study compared the analysis of medical and laboratory records from patients medical charts. The severity of diabetic ke
toacidosis (DKA) was classified based on laboratory criteria according to the 2022 guidelines of the International Society
for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD). The study data were analyzed using STATA-16.0.
Results:During the period from 2017 to 2022, a total of 124 children under 18 years of age (mean age: 9.11±3.84 years)
were newly diagnosed with T1DM and included in the study, of whom 67.7% (n=84) presented with diabetic ketoacidosis
(DKA). Of the children with DKA, 57.2% (n=48) had severe, 17.8% (n=15) had moderate, and 25.0% (n=21) had mild
severity. Girls were more frequently affected (67.1%, n=47; p=0.871). Having a viral infection before the first diagnosis
of type 1 diabetes (51.2%, n=43, p=0.011) and having high blood glucose levels at that time (25.8±9.32 mmol/l, p=0.012)
were statistically significantly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. The blood gas analysis of children with ketoacido
sis showed pH 7.05±0.15, HCO3 8.68±4.27 mEq/l, and the group with severe ketoacidosis had higher blood potassium
levels (4.08±0.8 mEq/l, 3.6±0.56 mEq/l, p=0.049) and blood glucose levels (28.37±9.23 mmol/L, 21.96±9.18 mmol/L,
p=0.012) compared to the group with mild ketoacidosis.
Conclusions:1. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was identified in 67.7% (n=84) of the children included in the study.
2. At the initial diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), vomiting and fatigue were the predominant clinical manifestations of DKA.
3. Severe DKA was observed in 57.1% (n=48) of the participants, with elevated serum potassium and glucose levels
noted as contributing factors to the severity of ketoacidosis.
- Full text:202505201758302007133-37.pdf
