Effects of intravenous and intraperitoneal routes on Babesia microti infections and splenic immune cells in BALB/c mice
10.16250/j.32.1915.2024165
- VernacularTitle:静脉及腹腔感染途径对BALB/c小鼠巴贝虫感染及脾脏免疫细胞的影响
- Author:
Hanyin YANG
1
;
Yuchun CAI
1
;
Shuning YAN
1
;
Yi XIN
1
;
Ziran MO
2
;
Bin XU
1
;
Bin ZHENG
1
,
3
Author Information
1. National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai 200025, China
2. College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, China
3. School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Babesia microti;
Intraperitoneal injection;
Intravenous injection;
Spleen;
Immune cell;
Mice
- From:
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control
2025;37(1):61-68
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the changes in the prevalence of Babesia microti infections, spleen morphology and proportions of splenic immune cells in BALB/c mice following intravenous and intraperitoneal injections, so as to provide insights into unraveling the immune regulatory mechanisms of Babesia infections. Methods Laboratory - maintained B. microti strains were prepared into whole blood samples with 10% prevalence of B. microti infection. A total of 75 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups, including the normal control group, intravenous injection group, and intraperitoneal injection group, of 25 mice in each group. Mice in the intravenous and intraperitoneal injection groups were administered 100 μL of whole blood samples with 10% prevalence of B. microti infection, with the day of injection recorded as d0, and animals in the normal control group were given no treatments. Blood was sampled from mice in each group via the tail tip on d7, d14, d21, d28 and d35, and prepared into thin-film blood smears, and B. microti infection was observed in red blood cells. Five mice were randomly sampled from each group and sacrificed on d7, d14, d21, d28 and d35, and spleen was collected for measurement of spleen size and weight. In addition, splenic cells were isolated, and the proportions of CD3e+ T cells, CD45R+ B cells, CD49b+ nature killer (NK) cells, and F4/80+ macrophages were detected in CD45+ lymphocytes using flow cytometry. Results The prevalence of B. microti infection in the intravenous (22.80%) and intraperitoneal injection groups (44.82%) peaked on d7 (χ2 = 8.141, P < 0.01) and then rapidly decreased, and no parasites were observed on d35. The longest mouse spleen length [(32.91 ± 2.20) mm] and width [(9.82 ± 0.43) mm], and the greatest weight [(0.78 ± 0.10) g] were found on d14 in the intravenous injection group, and the longest spleen length [(32.42 ± 3.21) mm] and width [(10.25 ± 0.73) mm], and the greatest weight [(0.73 ± 0.09) g] were seen in the intra-peritoneal injection group on d21, d7 and d14, respectively. There were significant differences among the intravenous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and the normal control group in terms of spleen length (F = 10.310, P < 0.05), width (F = 9.824, P < 0.05), and weight (F = 10.672, P < 0.05) on d21, and the mouse spleen length, width and weight were all significantly greater in the intraperitoneal injection group than in the intravenous injection group (allP values < 0.05). The proportions of splenic CD3e+ T cells [(60.60 ± 6.20)% and (39.68 ± 7.62)%], CD45R+ B cells [(43.32 ± 2.08)% and (49.53 ± 4.90)%], CD49b+ NK cells [(6.88 ± 1.34)% and (7.71 ± 1.59)%], and F4/80+ macrophages [(2.21 ± 0.29)% and (3.80 ± 0.35)%] peaked on d14, d21, d21 and d14 in the intravenous and intraperitoneal injection groups, respectively. There were significant differences in the proportions of CD3e+ T cells (F = 16.730, P < 0.05) and F4/80+ macrophages (F = 15.941, P < 0.05) among the intravenous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and normal control group on d14, and a higher proportion of CD3e+ T cells and a lower proportion of F4/80+ macrophages were detected in the intravenous injection group than in the intraperitoneal injection group (both P values < 0.01). There were significant differences among the intravenous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and normal control group on d21 in terms of proportions of splenic CD3e+ T cells (F = 9.252, P < 0.05), CD45R+ B cells (F = 14.349, P < 0.05), CD49b+ NK cells (F = 13.436,P < 0.05), and F4/80+ macrophages (F = 8.180, P < 0.05), and a higher proportion of CD3e+ T cells and lower proportions of CD45R+ B cells and F4/80+ macrophages were detected in the intravenous injection group than in the intraperitoneal injection group (all P values < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant difference in the proportion of CD3e+ T cells among the intravenous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and normal control group on d28 (F = 9.772,P < 0.05), and a lower proportion of CD3e+ T cells was found in the intravenous injection group than in the intraperitoneal injection group (P < 0.01). Conclusions Both intraperitoneal and intravenous routes are effective to induce B. microti infections in BALB/c mice, and the prevalence of B. microti infections is higher in BALB/c mice through the intraperitoneal route than through the intravenous route. Intraperitoneal and intravenous injections with B. microti cause diverse spleen morphologies and proportions of splenic immune cells in mice, indicating routes of B. microti infections cause different impacts on immune response mechanisms in mice.
