Gender differences in behavioral and psychological symptoms of amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer′s disease
10.3760/cma.j.cn115624-20231103-00268
- VernacularTitle:遗忘型轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病患者精神行为症状的性别差异
- Author:
Shirui JIANG
1
;
Jiwei JIANG
;
Min ZHAO
;
Wenyi LI
;
Jun XU
Author Information
1. 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经病学中心认知障碍性疾病科 国家神经系统疾病临床医学研究中心，北京 100070
- Keywords:
Cognition;
Cognitive impairment;
Alzheimer′s disease;
Behavioral and psychological symptoms;
Gender;
Influence factors
- From:
Chinese Journal of Health Management
2024;18(9):655-661
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:To analyze the gender difference in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer′s disease (AD).Methods:It was a cross-sectional study. The clinical data of 201 patients with aMCI and 146 patients with AD were continuously collected from the Chinese Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study of Alzheimer′s Disease (CIBL) cohort between June 1, 2021 to February 1, 2023 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University. The BPSD subtypes were compared between different gender. The gender-different BPSD subtypes were divided into depression group (126 cases) and non-depression group (221 cases), anxiety group (140 cases) and non-anxiety group (207 cases), indifference group (131 cases) and non-indifference group (216 cases). The sociodemographic data (age, sex, education level, marital status), hypertension, diabetes, stroke, heart disease, hyperlipidemia, smoking history, drinking history, carrier status of apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele (APOE ε4), and the scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Activity of Daily Living (ADL) were compared by using hypothesis testing. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the gender differences of BPSD in aMCI and AD patients.Results:The incidence rates of depression and anxiety in female were both significantly higher than those in male (44.93% vs 23.57%, 44.93% vs 33.57%), and the incidence rate of apathy was significantly lower than that in male (32.37% vs 45.71%) (all P<0.05). The proportion of female and ADL scores in depression group were both significantly higher than those in non-depression group [73.81% vs 51.58%, 22.00 (20.00, 30.00) vs 20.00 (20.00, 26.00) points], and the proportion of smoking and drinking history and MoCA scores in depression group were all significantly lower than those in non-depression group [13.49% vs 25.79%, 19.84% vs 35.75%, 16.00 (10.00, 22.00) vs 19.00 (13.00, 24.00) points] (all P<0.05). The proportion of female and ADL scores in anxiety group were both significantly higher than those in non-anxiety group [66.43% vs 55.07%, 23.00 (20.00, 30.75) vs 20.00 (20.00, 25.00) points], and the MMSE and MoCA scores in anxiety group were both significantly lower than those in non-anxiety group [23.00 (16.00, 27.00) vs 24.00 (19.00, 28.00) points, 16.00 (10.00, 21.00) vs 20.00 (13.00, 13.00) points] (all P<0.05). The proportion of female and the MMSE and MoCA scores in apathy group were all significantly lower than those in non-apathy group [51.15% vs 64.81%, 19.00 (11.00, 25.00) vs 26.00 (22.00, 28.00) points, 14.00 (7.00, 19.00) vs 21.00 (15.25, 24.00) points], and the age, proportion of APOE ε4 carriers and ADL scores in apathy group were all significantly higher [67.0 (61.0, 76.0) vs 66.0 (60.0, 71.0) years, 42.74% vs 31.31%, 27.00 (22.00, 38.00) vs 20.00 (20.00, 22.00) points] (all P<0.05). Female ( OR=2.384, 95% CI: 1.274-4.459) and decrease in MoCA score ( OR=0.955, 95% CI: 0.914-0.998) were positively correlated with risk of depression. Female ( OR=1.704, 95% CI: 1.077-2.695) was positively correlated with risk of anxiety. Male ( OR=0.558, 95% CI: 0.333-0.936), decrease in MoCA scores ( OR=0.937, 95% CI: 0.894-0.983) and increase in ADL scores ( OR=1.070, 95% CI: 1.027-1.116) were positively correlated with risk of apathy (all P<0.05). Conclusions:There are significant gender differences in BPSD in aMCI and AD patients. Female is positively correlated with risk of depression and anxiety, while male is positively correlated with the occurrence of apathy. Clinical attention should be paid to hierarchical management of BPSD patients of different gender.
