Fixation of Sanders type ⅡB calcaneal fractures with hollow screws: a finite element analysis
10.3760/cma.j.cn115530-20240129-00047
- VernacularTitle:空心螺钉固定Sanders ⅡB型跟骨骨折的有限元研究
- Author:
Daixiang JIANG
1
;
Xin RAO
;
Hui LU
;
Peng JIANG
;
Zhenzhong JI
;
Yi ZHANG
;
Rong LIU
Author Information
1. 武汉科技大学附属普仁医院骨科，武汉 430081
- Keywords:
Calcaneus;
Minimally invasive;
Finite element analysis;
Hollow screw
- From:
Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma
2024;26(7):618-625
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the biomechanical stabilities of different internal screw fixations for Sanders type ⅡB calcaneal fractures using finite element analysis.Methods:Based on the CT scan data of a male volunteer's calcaneus (26 years old, 173 cm tall, weighing 70 kg), a three-dimensional finite element model of the calcaneus was established using digital medical software such as Mimics 22.0, Geomagic 12.0, Solidworks 2019, and ANSYS Workbench 2022. A three-dimensional finite element model of Sanders type ⅡB calcaneal fracture was also established. The following 3 kinds of screws were used: ① longitudinal screws: from the calcaneal tuberosity to the anterior part; ② transverse screws: from the lateral wall of the calcaneus to the sustentaculum tali; ③ vertical screws: from the base of the calcaneus to the talar dome, perpendicular to the posterior articular surface. The scheme of screw configuration was as follows: the longitudinal screws were divided into the upper, middle, and lower groups based on their entry points from the upper, middle, and lower parts of the calcaneal tuberosity. Based on different configurations (double transverse screws + single vertical screw, single transverse screw + single vertical screw, double transverse screws without a vertical screw, and single transverse screw without a vertical screw) 4 subgroups were further subdivided, resulting in a total of 12 models (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l). Forces of 420 N and 200 N were applied to the posterior and middle subtalar joints, respectively, to simulate the load on the calcaneus during single-leg standing in adults. In each model, total deformation displacement, relative displacement of the sustentaculum tali fracture gap, relative displacement of the anterior fracture gap, relative displacement of the articular surface fracture gap, peak stress at the fracture ends and peak screw stress were analyzed.Results:The total deformation displacement was the lowest in models i and j, while models k and l exhibited the highest deformation displacement. The maximum deformation values in the remaining models varied only slightly. The average relative displacement of the sustentaculum tali fracture gap was the lowest in the upper group (0.27 mm) and relatively higher in the lower group, with the greatest variation seen in models k and l. The average relative displacement of the anterior fracture gap was the smallest in the lower group (0.16 mm), with models i and k performing the best. The relative displacement of the articular surface fracture gap remained at a low level across all models. The upper group had the lowest average peak stress at the fracture ends (60.20 MPa), while the middle and lower groups had similar values (103.88 MPa and 99.76 MPa, respectively). The upper group had the lowest average screw stress peak value (222.77 MPa), whereas models k and l in the lower group had the highest stress peaks, reaching 331.48 MPa and 349.82 MPa, respectively.Conclusions:Model i (inferior longitudinal screw + double transverse screws + single vertical screw) can be recommended in clinic because it demonstrates balanced performance in displacement and stress and a notable advantage in reducing overall deformation displacement and anterior fracture gap displacement. As longitudinal, vertical, and transverse screws each play their distinct role in calcaneal fracture fixation, surgeons should select an appropriate screw configuration based on the patient's needs.
