Intestinal homeostasis in autoimmune liver diseases
10.1097/CM9.0000000000002291
- VernacularTitle:Intestinal homeostasis in autoimmune liver diseases
- Author:
Qiaoyan LIU
1
;
Wei HE
;
Ruqi TANG
;
Xiong MA
Author Information
1. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China
- Keywords:
Gut microbiota;
Metabolome;
Immunity;
Autoimmune liver diseases
- From:
Chinese Medical Journal
2022;135(14):1642-1652
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Intestinal homeostasis depends on complex interactions between the gut microbiota and host immune system. Emerging evidence indicates that the intestinal microbiota is a key player in autoimmune liver disease (AILD). Autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis have been linked to gut dysbiosis. Diverse mechanisms contribute to disturbances in intestinal homeostasis in AILD. Bacterial translocation and molecular mimicry can lead to hepatic inflammation and immune activation. Additionally, the gut and liver are continuously exposed to microbial metabolic products, mediating variable effects on liver immune pathologies. Importantly, microbiota-specific or associated immune responses, either hepatic or systemic, are abnormal in AILD. Comprehensive knowledge about host-microbiota interactions, included but not limited to this review, facilitates novel clinical practice from a microbiome-based perspective. However, many challenges and controversies remain in the microbiota field of AILD, and there is an urgent need for future investigations.
