The Efficacy and Safety of Midazolam Induced Sedative Cystoscopy.
- Author:
Ho Joon JEONG
1
;
Woo Sik CHUNG
;
Ha na YOON
Author Information
1. Department of Urology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Publication Type:Original Article
- Keywords:
Cystoscopy;
Midazolam;
Conscious sedation
- MeSH:
Analgesics;
Anxiety;
Blood Pressure;
Conscious Sedation;
Consciousness;
Cystoscopy*;
Endoscopy;
Flumazenil;
Heart Rate;
Humans;
Midazolam*;
Outpatients;
Surveys and Questionnaires;
Respiratory Rate
- From:Korean Journal of Urology
2004;45(6):557-562
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:Korean
-
Abstract:
PURPOSE: Cystoscopy is very common and is one of the major office based procedures used in urologic clinics. However, a majority of patients complain of fear, pain, and discomfort when performing the procedure in an alert state. Routine administration of sedative and analgesic drugs is widely provided for gastorintestinal endoscopy to prevent patient discomfort and increase tolerance. Based on this, we investigated the safety and efficacy of midazolam induced sedative cystoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups; group I (n=80) consisted of patients who were sedated by midazolam 2.5mg IV before cystoscopy, and group II (n=40) consisted of patients who were not sedated and diclopenac 90mg was injected in them intramuscularly before cystoscopy to prevent pain. All patients in group I were reversed from the sedative state by flumazenil 0.5mg IV right after the completion of the cystoscopic procedure. The two groups were not significantly different in their age, sex, and weight distribution (p>0.05). Blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rates were monitored pre-, intra-, and post procedure. The status of consciousness was monitored every three minutes by the OAA/S (Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation) scale. Pain scale, anxiety scale, satisfaction score from patients and operators were measured using a specified questionnaire. RESULTS: In group I, the pain scale and anxiety scale were significantly reduced compared to group II (p<0.001). There were temporary changes in blood pressure and pulse rate in group I, but they were not clinically significant and no specific management was required. Group I patients were significantly more satisfied with their procedures compared to the patients of group II (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Midazolam induced sedative cystoscopy can be applied safely and effectively as an outpatient base procedure. Further, we expect to apply this sedative procedure to other urologic procedures.
