Research on the risk factors and cumulative risk of myopia in children and adolescents
10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240414-00193
- VernacularTitle:儿童青少年近视的危险因素及其累积风险研究
- Author:
Yang QIN
1
;
Wen YUAN
;
Tian YANG
;
Xiuhong ZHANG
;
Li CHEN
;
Yi ZHANG
;
Jianuo JIANG
;
Qi MA
;
Ziqi DONG
;
Xinli SONG
;
Jieyu LIU
;
Ruolin WANG
;
Yi SONG
;
Jun MA
;
Yanhui DONG
Author Information
1. 北京大学公共卫生学院/北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所，北京 100191
- Keywords:
Myopia;
Prevalence;
Cumulative risk;
Risk Factors
- From:
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology
2024;45(8):1126-1133
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the risk factors and cumulative risk of myopia in children and adolescents, providing a basis for identifying cumulative risk factors in preventing and controlling myopia.Methods:Baseline data from the mental and physical health cohort of children and adolescents established in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were used. A stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to select 138 974 students from fourth to twelfth grade as participants. Distance visual exams, refractive assessments, and questionnaires were conducted on the included students. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate each risk factor's impact on myopia's prevalence. The number of risk factors was summed to form a cumulative risk score, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between the cumulative risk score and the prevalence of myopia. Additionally, the association between the cumulative risk score of myopic students and their degree of refractivity was analyzed using a generalized estimating equation.Results:The study found a high prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents at baseline (70.2%). Girls exhibited a higher prevalence (74.8%) than boys (65.6%), urban areas (74.3%) surpassed suburban ones (68.6%), and the incidence was greater in high schools (80.3%) compared to middle schools (75.3%), which, in turn, was higher than in elementary schools (57.7%) (all P<0.05). Analysis of risk factors revealed that children and adolescents experiencing improper reading and writing distances ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.07-1.13), excessive homework ( OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.06-1.12), insufficient sleep ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.07-1.13), having myopic father ( OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.91-2.05), having myopic mother ( OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.97-2.10), or using classroom chairs not matched to their height faced ( OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07) increased myopia risks. Additionally, the prevalence and significant odds ratio of myopia increased with the increase in cumulative risk score, with every additional unit of cumulative risk score increasing the right eye's refractive error by -0.10 D. Conclusion:The presence of multiple factors and their comprehensive score increases the prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents.
